A Comparison of Vertical Jump Performance between Mesomorphic and Ectomorphic Dominant Somatotypes

Introduction: Vertical jump performance is an important measure of leg power and explosiveness in sports. Somatotype, referring to body shape and composition. It may relate to vertical jump capacity. This study aimed to compare vertical jump, peak anaerobic power, and relative anaerobic capabilities between ectomorphic-mesomorph and mesomorphic-ectomorph somatotypes among sedentary male students. Methods: A total number of 26 students participated in this study. Participants underwent anthropometric assessments to determine Heath-Carter somatotype ratings. Additionally, countermovement jumps were performed to evaluate vertical jump height, estimate peak anaerobic power via the Sayers equation, and calculate a power-to-body mass ratio. Results: No statistically significant differences were found between ectomorphic-mesomorphs (n=15) and mesomorphic-ectomorphs (n=11) for vertical jump (54.47 ± 8.33 cm vs 57.09 ± 6.28 cm, p = 0.25), peak anaerobic power (3576 ± 542.01 W vs 3473.47 ± 538.71 W, p = 0.64), or power-to-body mass ratio (69.97 ± 10.51 W/kg vs 65.10 ± 7.46 W/kg, p = 0.18). Conclusion: While this initial study suggested no substantial performance differences based on somatotype, further research with increased statistical power through larger sample sizes is necessary to conclusively determine relationships between physique and anaerobic capacities in the general population. Matching and tracking athletes over sports training may also clarify advantages conferred by morphology alone.Introducción: El rendimiento del salto vertical es una medida importante de la potencia de las piernas y la explosividad en los deportes. El somatotipo, que se refiere a la forma y composición del cuerpo, puede estar relacionado con la capacidad de salto vertical. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo comparar el salto vertical, la potencia anaeróbica máxima y las capacidades anaeróbicas relativas entre los somatotipos ectomorfo-mesomorfo y mesomórfico-ectomorfo entre estudiantes varones sedentarios. Métodos: En este estudio participaron un total de 26 estudiantes. Los participantes se sometieron a evaluaciones antropométricas para determinar las calificaciones de somatotipo de Heath-Carter. Además, se realizaron saltos con contramovimiento para evaluar la altura del salto vertical, estimar la potencia anaeróbica máxima mediante la ecuación de Sayers y calcular la relación potencia-masa corporal. Resultados: No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ectomorfos-mesomorfos (n=15) y mesomorfos-ectomorfos (n=11) para salto vertical (54,47 ± 8,33 cm vs 57,09 ± 6,28 cm, p = 0,25), potencia anaeróbica máxima (3576 ± 542,01 W vs 3473,47 ± 538,71 W, p = 0,64), o relación potencia-masa corporal (69,97 ± 10,51 W/kg vs 65,10 ± 7,46 W/kg, p = 0,18). Conclusión: Si bien este estudio inicial no sugirió diferencias sustanciales en el rendimiento según el somatotipo, se necesitan más investigaciones con mayor poder estadístico a través de tamaños de muestra más grandes para determinar de manera concluyente las relaciones entre el físico y las capacidades anaeróbicas en la población general. Emparejar y seguir a los atletas durante el entrenamiento deportivo también puede aclarar las ventajas conferidas únicamente por la morfología

Streamer evolution arrest governed amplified AC breakdown strength of graphene and CNT colloids

The present article experimentally explores the concept of large improving the AC dielectric breakdown strength of insulating mineral oils by the addition of trace amounts of graphene or CNTs to form stable dispersions. The nano-oils infused with these nanostructures of high electronic conductance indicate superior AC dielectric behaviour in terms of augmented breakdown strength compared to the base oils. Experimental observations of two grades of synthesized graphene and CNT nano-oils show that the nanomaterials not only improve the average breakdown voltage but also significantly improve the reliability and survival probabilities of the oils under AC high voltage stressing. Improvement of the tune of ~ 70-80 % in the AC breakdown voltage of the oils has been obtained via the present concept. The present study examines the reliability of such nano-colloids with the help of two parameter Weibull distribution and the oils show greatly augmented electric field bearing capacity at both standard survival probability values of 5 % and 63.3 %. The fundamental mechanism responsible for such observed outcomes is reasoned to be delayed streamer development and reduced streamer growth rates due to effective electron scavenging by the nanostructures from the ionized liquid insulator. A mathematical model based on the principles of electron scavenging is proposed to quantify the amount of electrons scavenged by the nanostructures. The same is then employed to predict the enhanced AC breakdown voltage and the experimental values are found to match well with the model predictions. The present study can have strong implications in efficient, reliable and safer operation of real life AC power systems

Physics and data driven model for prediction of residual stresses in machining

Predicting residual stresses has always been a topic of significance due to its implications in the development of enhanced materials and better processing conditions. In this work, an analytical model for prediction of residual stresses is developed for orthogonal machining. It consists of three component models for force, temperature and stress computation. The Oxley force model and Waldorf's slip-line model are employed for obtaining cutting force, thrust force, and temperatures at the shear zone and tool-chip interface for the given parameters. The Komanduri-Hou two heat source model is used for obtaining the temperature distribution in the workpiece. The effect of coolant with differing mass flow rates has also been incorporated. The residual stresses are obtained by combining the mechanical and thermal components, followed by the loading and relaxation of the stresses. Optimal values for unknown parameters are predicted by leveraging a cost function. The residual stress distributions obtained give a tensile region near the surface for Inconel 718, and a compressive region for Ti6Al4V, which are in line with experimental results found in literature

Somatotypes of East-Zone Indian Inter-University Kho-Kho Players

Background. Somatotyping in modern sports can be an important factor to be considered. Different studies have already taken the initial step to identify the sport-specific somatotypes for different games and sports. In contrast with the Kho-Kho game, some attempts have been made to identify somatotypes specific for these games. But there are only few studies that have been conducted, and various areas are still waiting to be explored. Study purpose. The present study aimed to identify the specific somatotypes of the kho-kho players. Additionally, this study also made an attempt to explore the important somatic traits that influence the somatotypes of the Kho-Kho players. Materials and methods. A total number of 74 players from six Kho-Kho teams that participated in East Zone Inter-University Tournament were purposively selected for the study. The anthropometric data collection was done according to the standard procedures given by ISAK (International Society for Advancement of Kinanthropometry). The statistical analysis was done by using MS Excel (2021) and SPSS’23. Results. The results of the study showed that most of the Kho-Kho players (90.6%) were possessing ectomorphic and mesomorphic dominant traits. There was also a significant difference found in ectomorphic and mesomorphic traits among the players possessing mesomorphic-ectomorph (p<0.05), ectomorphic-mesomorph (p<0.05) and ectomorph-mesomorph (p<0.05) somatotypes. Furthermore, the discriminant analysis also highlighted that attributes of ectomorphic traits (Discriminant coefficient = 1.168) and mesomorphic traits (Discriminant coefficient = 0.812) were important somatic traits for the Kho-Kho players. Overall, 88.6% of the original cases have been correctly represented by the discriminant analysis. Conclusions. The present study showed that Kho-Kho players for the most part possess the ectomorphic and mesomorphic dominant somatotypes. Furthermore, based on the study results, it can be also concluded that somatic attributes in the similar body types also play important role to determine players’ performance level

Use of magnetic resonance imaging to guide direct repair of penile fractures—a change to the operative paradigm

Penile fractures are an uncommon urological emergency, typically diagnosed on clinical grounds and require urgent operative intervention. Examination findings include penile swelling and bruising, commonly referred to as an “eggplant deformity”. Close palpation to identify the exact site of injury is often limited by pain. Subcoronal degloving, often with concurrent circumcision is the most utilised surgical approach, though risks include skin necrosis and decreased penile sensitivity. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for penile fracture diagnosis is increasingly recognised, however, its ability to guide localised longitudinal incisions is currently undefined. A multi-centre retrospective observational study from February 2016 to February 2022 was performed. Electronic medical records were reviewed for patient demographics, presentation, injury characteristics, investigations and operative outcomes. MRI use and protocols were determined at the discretion of the treating urologist and on-duty radiologist respectively. Twenty-one patients were eligible for study inclusion. Ten patients underwent pre-operative MRI. Median time from MRI request to image acquisition was 2.5 hours (1.5–3.0). Time from presentation to surgical intervention did not significantly differ between the two groups. All patients without pre-operative MRI underwent subcoronal degloving. Six patients underwent MRI-guided localised incision successfully without requiring secondary incision or conversion to subcoronal degloving. The remaining four patients in the MRI cohort underwent degloving. Operative times were significantly shorter (p = 0.44) in the pre-operative MRI group, with a median duration of 1.11 hours (0.98–1.17), compared to 1.5 hours (1.20–1.75) in the non-MRI cohort. Median length of stay was 1 day in both groups. No Clavien Dindo 2 or greater complications were observed in any patient. In this study, MRI in the pre-operative setting for penile fractures is associated with reduced operative time and was successfully used to guide localised incisions for direct repair of penile fractures. Its use has the potential to change the paradigm of penile fracture management and operative repair

Open Approaches to Radical Nephrectomies: A Case Report of Bilateral T3b Renal Cell Carcinoma

A case report describing the surgical challenges of an open approach bilateral T3b renal cell carcinoma with bilateral renal vein involvement. This is the second reported case of bilateral renal cell carcinoma with extension into bilateral renal veins and inferior vena cava. This case highlights how good outcomes can be achieved with open surgical approach

Imaging Monopoles in Spin Ice via Electron Holography

Originally proposed by Pierre Curie, magnetic monopoles in vacuum have long remained elusive to detection, but recently mergent monopoles of the microscopic H field have been shown to exist in spin ice. As such, they present a valuable testing ground for the physics of magnetic monopoles which remain elusive as high energy particles. However, signatures of monopoles in spin-ice materials have only been indirect so far, and their direct observation has remained an open challenge since their discovery. One such technique that would make this direct observation a reality is electron holography, due to the electron’s high sensitivity to magnetic fields via the Aharonov-Bohm effect. Currently the best holographic microscopes can achieve 3D spatial imaging of spin phenomena with sub-nanometer resolution. In this thesis, I explore the possibility of imaging monopoles with electron holography through experimental measurements of monopole and spin ice analogs and computational simulation of how a monopole would appear in a pyrochlore spin ice thin film. My experimental work focused on measuring the phase signal from an elongated magnetic needle, as well as artificial spin ice formed from a 2D lattice of nanoscale magnets. My simulated results show for the first time what a monopole in pyrochlore spin ice would look like if imaged using electron holography. The experimental and simulation results together help define the technical requirements and experimental signals required to achieve direct observation of magnetic monopoles in spin ice via electron holography.Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate Universit

Ureteric Injury Secondary to Inadvertent Cannulation by Suprapubic Catheter

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