GAMMA RAYS INDUCED MUTAGENIC STUDIES IN CATHARANTHUS ROSEUS (L.) G. DON., AN IMPORTANT ORNAMENTAL PLANT

A study was conducted to estimate the effect of gamma rays on growth and yield traits in periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don), an important horticulture plant. The seeds were treated with different levels of gamma rays (20, 25 and 30). Morphological parameters were analysed on the 30th day, like plant height, days of first flower, plant height, fresh weight per plant, dry weight per plant, root fresh weight per plant and root dry weight per plant. The morphological parameters were decreased with increasing levels of gamma rays doses

Studies on the effects of mutagens on cytotoxicity behaviour in Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp) Var.CO-7.

The cytological studies provide more information regarding the response of a genotype to the particular mutagen and also provide chances to select desirable characters. The seeds of pigeon pea were subjected to different doses and concentrations of gamma rays and ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS). The effects of different mutagenic treatments on mitosis chromosomal behavior have been studied in both the mutagens. Different types of mitotic aberrations like stickiness, precocious movement, bridge, clumping of chromosome and laggards, etc., were observed in all the treatments. However, the gamma rays treatments proved to be more effective in inducing mitotic aberrations as compared to EMS. The frequency of laggard was high when compared to other mitotic aberrations. The reduction in mitotic index and relative deviation rate frequency were observed with increase in doses and conc. of both the mutagenic treatments and gamma rays were found to be more effective than EMS treatments

Induced mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency studies on Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp).

The present investigation was carried out to study mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of gamma rays and EMS treatments in Pigeon pea (Cajanus  cajan (L.) Millsp) Var CO-7. The relative effectiveness and efficiency of the both mutagen used was assessed from the data on biological damage in M1 generation and frequency of chlorophyll and viable mutants in M2 generation. The spectrum of chlorophyll mutants such as xantha, albino, chlorina and viridis, viable mutants like tall, dwarf, early flower, early maturity, late maturity, bushy, high yield and seed mutants were observed in both the mutagenic treatments.  Among the chlorophyll mutants xantha was found more in number. The mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency were found to be higher at 20KR of gamma irradiation and 25mM of EMS. The mutation rate of gamma rays was higher in terms of effectiveness than that of EMS. More number of chlorophyll and viable mutants was induced in gamma rays treatment when compared EMS treatment

Effectiveness Efficiency and biochemical content of Physical and Chemical Mutagens in Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)

In a mutation breeding experiment, in the CO-1 variety of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) the efficiency and effectiveness of physical and chemical mutagens viz., gamma rays, ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS), diethyl sulphate (DES) and Colchicine (COH) were examined. Gamma rays were found to be more effective than other mutagens in producing chlorophyll and viable mutants. The efficiency was observed based on lethality and injury. Gamma rays were found to be more effective than other treatments. The chlorophyll mutants viz., Albino, Viriscence and Xantha and viable mutants viz., plant type, days to maturity, early flowering, seed color, seed shape, pod shape & male sterility etc. were recorded with various frequencies.  The protein and oil content was recorded maximum at 50 KR of gamma rays.  ÂÂ

Explorando as diferenças de conhecimento de vocabulário de inglês como segunda língua em alunos de graduação de uma região semiurbana

This study explored the differences in receptive and productive vocabulary knowledge in terms of word frequency level and vocabulary size in undergraduate learners of English as a Second Language (ESL). A total of 90 first-year undergraduate engineering students from a semi-urban region in India participated in the study. Two quantitative vocabulary tests, the Receptive Vocabulary Levels Test (Schmitt et al., 2001) and the Productive Vocabulary Levels Test (Laufer and Nation, 1999), were applied sequentially to the students. The first test focused on identifying receptive vocabulary size, while the second test measured productive vocabulary size. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results indicate that the students’ receptive word knowledge is higher than their productive word knowledge. Similarly, the students’ receptive vocabulary size is larger than their productive vocabulary size. Furthermore, the difference between their receptive and productive vocabulary size is 27.69%. In order to bridge this gap and increase their vocabulary knowledge and size, we recommend an activity-based, explicit vocabulary teaching approach through self- -learning, group learning and mutual learning in the regular classrooms.Keywords: vocabulary knowledge, word frequency levels, receptive and productive vocabulary size, undergraduate students.Este estudo explorou as diferenças entre conhecimento de vocabulário receptivo e produtivo com referência ao nível de frequência das palavras e à quantidade de vocabulário de estudantes de graduação de inglês como segunda língua. Um total de 90 estudantes de graduação de primeiro ano de engenharia de uma região semi-urbana na Índia participaram do estudo. Dois testes quantitativos de vocabulário, Teste de níveis de vocabulário receptivo (Schmitt et al., 2001) e Teste de níveis de vocabulário produtivo (Laufer e Nation, 1999), foram realizados com eles, um após o outro, durante 50 minutos cada. O primeiro teste centrou–se na identificação da quantidade de vocabulário receptivo, enquanto que o segundo focou na quantidade de vocabulário produtivo. Os dados coletados desses dois estudos quantitativos foram analisados com a ajuda do software SPSS. Os resultados indicam que o conhecimento de vocabulário receptivo dos alunos é superior ao conhecimento de vocabulário produtivo. Do mesmo modo, de vocabulário receptivo dos alunos é maior que a quantidade de vocabulário produtivo. Além disso, a diferença entre vocabulário receptivo e o produtivo é de 27,69%. Para colmatar essa lacuna e aumentar o conhecimento e o tamanho do vocabulário, este estudo recomenda o ensino de vocabulário explícito baseado em atividades por meio da autoaprendizagem, do aprendizado grupal e da aprendizagem mútua nas salas de aula regulares.Palavras-chave: conhecimento do vocabulário, níveis de frequência de palavras, quantidade de vocabulário receptivo e produtivo, estudantes de graduação

Effect of Gamma Rays on some Yield Parameters and Protein Content of Soybean in M2, M3 and M4 Generation

ABSTRACT: The effectiveness and efficiency, yield parameters and statistical analysis for M2, M3 and M4 generation of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) using gamma rays treatment. Effectiveness and efficiency was recorded at increase for low concentration and decrease for high concentration level. The most of the treatment was positive shift was recorded. The statistical analysis such as variability, heritability and genetic advance as per cent of mean was recorded in high for treatment than the untreated plants for all the generation. 50KR of gamma rays treatment was effective than the other mutagenic treatments compared to control.   Key words: Soybean, Mutation, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Frequency ---Department of Botany, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar – 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India---Please Cite This Article As:P. Pavadai, M. Girija and D. Dhanavel. 2010. Effect of Gamma Rays on some Yield Parameters and Protein Content of Soybean in M2, M3 and M4 Generation. J. Exp. Sci. 1(6):08-11. Â

Effect of Gamma Rays, EMS, DES and COH on Protein and Oil Content in Soybean

AbstractThe present study is based on the observations of seed protein and oil content in four mutagenic generations of soybean variety CO 1. Ethyl methane sulphonate treatment showed high protein and oil content compared to other mutagenic treatments such as gamma rays, diethyl sulphate and colchicine.  Both increased and decreased content of protein and oil were observed.  According to our results   high content of protein and oil was observed at high mutagenic treatments. Increased level of seed protein and oil content was observed at 0.5% and 0.6% of EMS treatments and 50 KR of gamma rays. Department of Botany, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar – 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India---Please Cite This Article As: P. Pavadai, M. Girija and D. Dhanavel. 2010. Effect of Gamma Rays, EMS, DES and COH on Protein and Oil Content in Soybean. J. Exp. Sci. 2(4):47-50.Â

Improved Micropropagation Method for the Enhancement of Biomass in Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni

Incorporation of a range of higher concentrations of CuSO4_5H2O in MS medium significantly enhanced direct shoot bud induction and proliferation from cultured leaf and nodal explants taken from mature plants of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. Shoot bud induction medium was supplemented with BAP (2.2 µM) and NAA (2.8 µM). When the concentration of CuSO4_5H2O in the induction medium was raised to 0.5 µM (five times the MS level, i.e. 0.1 µM) there was significant increase in percentage response along with increase in shoot bud number per explant. The shoots were healthy, well developed with dark green broader leaves. There was remarkable increase in total biomass at increased (0.5 µM) copper level in the medium. During proliferation stage also presence of high copper levels in the medium favoured increase in shoots bud number per explant

Understanding the attitude of ESL learners to vocabulary learning

The study investigates the attitudes of learners towards the importance of vocabulary and their choice of sources to learn new words. It chiefly explores the differences in attitudes and choices of learners by a survey which was conducted among 730 first-year engineering students of Anna University, India. The questionnaire had two different divisions, i.e., importance given to vocabulary learning and sources of new words. The sources of new words further had four sub-divisions based on language skills. The data were collected from students and statistically analysed to answer the research questions of the study. In general, the results show that students consider vocabulary as an important aspect of language learning. Students admit the importance of vocabulary to understand a text. Interestingly, gender influences the choice of sources to learn new words. Further, the medium of education also significantly influences learners’ attitudes and their choices of sources in vocabulary learning.Keywords: English in India, English language teaching, English vocabulary, learners’ attitude, learner differences, sources to learn vocabulary, vocabulary learning.</p

Gamma Radiation influence on Growth, Biochemical and Yield Characters of Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.

The present investigation deals with the effect of gamma radiation on growth, Biochemical and yield traits of Pigeon pea. The seeds of Pigeon pea Var.CO-7 were treated with different doses of gamma rays like 15, 20 and 25KR. The treated seeds were sown in field along with control to raise M1 generation and the radiation effects was noted from seed germination percentage, seedling survival (%), seedling height on 30th days, Days to first flower, plant height, (at maturity), number of branches, number&nbsp; of leaves, number of cluster, pollen viability (%), number of pods, seed yield, hundred seed weight (g), fresh and dry weight (g), Seed viability (%) and seed protein content (%). The results indicates that the growth, biochemical and yield parameters were gradually decreased when compare to control and the highest reduction was noted at higher doses of gamma radiation treatments. The pollen and seed viability (%) analysis were also reveled that gradually reduction in lower to higher doses of gamma rays treatments