Performance Analysis of Network Coding with Exponential back off Algorithm Using Multi Path Transfer Protocol in Wireless Network

Network coding is an effective technique to boost the capacity of wireless networks. In that network, transmitted data is encoded and decoded to increase network throughput and to reduce end to end delay and make the network more robust. In this paper, the throughput and end to end delay of network coding is investigated under IEEE802.11 DCF. It is proposed that this can be achieved with CSMA/CA as in IEEE802.11 distributed coordination function with Multi Path Transfer Protocol (DCF-MPTP). CSMA/CA is based on the combination of physical carrier sensing and exponential back off algorithm. Proposed model prevents the delay and packed loss

Inhibition of angiogenesis and tumour growth by VEGF121–toxin conjugate: differential effect on proliferating endothelial cells

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays an important role in tumour angiogenesis. VEGF binds to tyrosine kinase receptors, which are expressed almost exclusively on tumour endothelium. Therefore, VEGF can be used to target toxin molecules to tumour vessels for anti-angiogenic therapy. However, recent evidence suggests that VEGF can also bind in an isoform-specific fashion to a newly identified neuropilin-1 (NP-1) receptor. NP-1 is widely expressed in normal tissue and presents a potential target for unwanted toxicity. As a consequence, we investigated whether the VEGF121 isoform, which lacks the NP-1 binding domain, could be used to target toxin polypeptides to tumour vasculature. Treatment of endothelial cells with a VEGF121–diphtheria toxin (DT385) conjugate selectively inhibited proliferating endothelial cells, whereas confluent cultures were completely resistant to the construct. In addition, VEGF121–DT385 conjugate treatment completely prevented tumour cell induced angiogenesis in vivo. Most importantly, the conjugate inhibited tumour growth in athymic mice and induced tumour-specific vascular damage. There was also no apparent toxicity associated with the treatment. Our results suggest that proliferating endothelial cells are highly sensitive to VEGF121–toxin conjugates and that the binding to NP-1 receptors is not necessary for efficient inhibition of tumour growth. © 2000 Cancer Research Campaig

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF NETWORK CODING WITH IEEE802.11 DCF USING MULTI PATH TRANSFR PROTOCOL IN WIRELESS NETWORK

In this paper investigated the throughput and end to end delay of network coding under IEEE802.11 Distributed coordination Function (DCF). In this paper proposed the random medium access of CSMA/CA   as in IEEE802.11 distributed coordination function with Multi Path Transfer Protocol (DCF-MPTP). In an CSMA/CA is based on the combination of physical carrier sensing and exponential back off algorithm and then formulate the probability of successful transmission, collision probability and the re-transmission mechanism. In our model multi hop network used the MPTP (protocol) it prevent the delay and packed loss of source to destination. Finally use computer simulation to verify an analytical  model

NATURAL PRODUCTS AS AN IMPORTANT LEADS FOR DISCOVERY OF NEW ANTITUBERCULAR AGENTS: A REVIEW

There is a very much need for a discovery of new molecules a potent molecule that can cure tuberculosis and prevent the recurrence. A multidisciplinary approach is required to procure a potent bioactive compound and this includes expertise in the fields of ethnobotany, ethnopharmacology and Phytochemistry. The present communication acts as a bioprospecting source for the drug discovery against tuberculosis, including several anti tubercular agents which is used by used by tribal people and prescribed by THPS which showed a good inhibition rate. Therefore, this review strives to describe the literature on the traditional plants/potent molecules those have been proved to have antimicrobial activity and to provide essential discussion and accelerate the research.Â

WILL THE TRADITIONAL MEDICINE UN-PAUSE THE WORLD AND DECIDE THE FATE OF COVID-19?

COVID-19 is a life-threatening disease that mainly affects the human respiratory system. In today’s world, scientists are working conscientiously for the identification of promising drugs and vaccines. But, when we look back to the former times, herbal medicines were considered for curing most of the diseases; luckily, nowadays, natural remedies are being carried forward by few researchers even for the treatment of most life-threatening diseases like cancer, diabetes and alzheimer’s etc. So, why can't we attempt the herbal formulation for the management of COVID-19 too? Since there is no proper scientific validation for traditional herbs and spices; it just can’t be simply ignored. When a product with less or few side effects can be prepared and made available for the benefit of people, there is nothing wrong in pondering them. Thus, keeping these points in mind, in this article, we have discussed about SARS CoV-2, their treatment options and the impact of natural remedies on both the former as well as novel coronavirus. Further, we have also emphasized on traditional Chinese medicine, various flavonoids and kabasura kudineer and their impact on coronavirus infection. Till now, there is no particular drug or vaccine available for the treatment of COVID-19; thus prevention is the only option. But, we hope that thorough study; screening, preclinical and clinical evaluation of natural compounds may give some action against SARS CoV-2. Moreover, incorporating natural herbs and spices in our diet can help in boosting immunity and fight against various life-threatening diseases

ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-PROLIFERATIVE EFFECTS OF AN ETHYL ACETATE FRACTION OF THE HYDRO-ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF SYNEDRELLA NODIFLORA (L) GAERTN

Objective: Synedrella nodiflora is traditionally used in the treatment of several ailments. Pharmacologically, this plant has anticonvulsant, sedative, anti-nociceptive and anti-proliferative effects. This study further investigated S. nodiflora for its antioxidant and in vitro inhibition of cancerous cell lines. Methods: Phytochemical assays, and the DPPH radical scavenging method were employed in preliminary screening for antioxidant activities of the crude hydro-ethanolic extract (SNE) and resulting fractions. The potent ethyl acetate fraction (EAF), was further investigated for total phenol and flavonoid contents, reducing power, lipid peroxidation potential, and cytotoxic effects on human breast cancer (MCF-7), leukemic (Jurkat), and normal liver (Chang’s liver) cell lines. Results: The extract contained phenols, flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, sterols, terpenoids, and alkaloids. It scavenged for DPPH with an IC50 of 114 µg/ml, whereas that of EAF was 8.9 µg/ml. EAF prevented peroxidation of egg lecithin at an IC50 of 24.01±0.08 µg/ml. These IC50s are four and three times lower than the reference standards. EAF produced anti-proliferative effects against MCF-7, and Jurkat cell lines with IC50s of 205.2 and 170.9 µg/ml, respectively. EAF had a high IC50 of 252.2 µg/ml against Chang’s liver cells. At 0.1 mg/ml EAF had similar total flavonoid content to SNE, but a significantly higher total phenol content. Conclusion: The ethyl acetate fraction of S. nodiflora, exhibited the most potent antioxidant activity. It inhibited the proliferation of breast and leukemic cancer cell lines, whiles having weak cytotoxic effect on normal liver cells. These can be explored for further drug development

Development and Validation of Stability Indicating RP HPLC method for the estimation of armodafinil and Characterization of its base Degradation Product by LC-MS/MS

The present work focuses on the development and validation of a rapid, selective and reliable stability indicating reverse phase High Performance Liquid Chromatographic method for the quantitative analysis of Armodafinil (ARM). Armodafinil is a eugeroics drug used for treatment of narcolepsy and shift work sleep disorder and also as an adjunctive treatment for obstructive sleep apnea. The separation was carried out on a Hibar Purospher C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm; 5μ) column by using 0.01 M ammonium formate (pH 4.5, Adjusted with acetic acid) and methanol as mobile phase in the ratio of 45:55 % v/v. The flow rate was maintained at 1 mL/min and the eluents were monitored at 220 nm. Stress studies were carried out with 1 mg/mL of the drug solution, starting with mild conditions and followed by intrinsic conditions to achieve sufficient degradation. Armodafinil underwent extensive degradation under basic hydrolysis condition. The unknown degradation product formed (DP I; 6.59±0.2 min) under the basic degradation condition was separated on a semi preparative HPLC, characterized by UPLC-Q-TOF and its fragmentation pathway was proposed. The proposed structure of the degradation product was confirmed by HRMS analysis. The developed stability indicating LC method was validated with respect to accuracy, precision, specificity/selectivity and linearity. The degradation product was characterized and reported