Obstetric and Gynecologic Departments, Faculty of Medicine Udayana University, Bali-Indonesia

The high risk of human papillomavirus (HPV) have already known widely and accepted as a causative agent for cervical cancer. Epidemiologically, predominant high-risk is HPV-16 and squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) is the most common histological type. HPV genotype probably correlates to histologic type. This study aims to determine how many fold is the risk of SCC on HPV-16 infection. This is a case control with SCC HPV-16 positive as the cases and SCC HPV-16 negative as the controls. Tissues diagnosed as SCC and non SCC was paraffin-embedded. SPF-10 and specific E7-primer types by LiPA were employed for genotyping of HPV-16. c2 was applied to analyze the correlation. A number of 65 SCC consisted of 33 cases and 32 controls were observed in this study. The risk of SCC on HPV-16 infection was 3.40-fold (95% CI = 1.44-8.03; p = 0.004) compare with HPV-16 negative. Controls in this study consist of 18 (27.69%) of HPV-18, 9 (13.85%) of HPV-52, and 5 (7.69%) of other HPV types. The mean-age of case group and control group infected by HPV were 52.28 ± 12.43 and 47.70 ± 8.02 year, respectively (p = 0.02). HPV-16 infection caused SCC is 3.5 more than other high risk group

High Interleukin-6, Low Cd4+ and Cd8+ T-lymphocytes Expressions as Risk Factors of Cervical Carsinoma Infected by Human Papilloma Virus Type-52

In Indonesia cervical carcinoma is the most common cancer in women and one of the leading cause of mortality. High risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is the major risk factor of cervical cancer. This study aims to know the role of IL-6, CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocyte for the risk of cervical carcinoma infected by HPV52. This study was a case control study, specimens of cervical carcinoma patients infected by HPV type-52 as the case group and HPV type-16 or 18 as the control group. HPV genotyping used SPF10 primer and type specific E7 primer by LiPA. Immunohistochemistry method was used to know expression of IL-6, CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte. Pearson's c2 test was applied with statistical significance was set at the 2-sided 0.05 level. The odds ratios (OR) were calculated for the risk, with 95% confidence intervals on SPSS 16.0 for windows. PCR examination was performed in 185 paraffin-embedded tissue. The risk of high IL-6 expression in cervical carcinoma infected by HPV type-52 was statistically significant 6-fold higher compare with cervical carcinoma infected by HPV type 16 (OR = 6.00 ; CI 95% = 1.13-31.99; p = 0.03; p < 0.05) and HPV type 18 (OR = 6.00 ; CI 95% = 1.13-31.99; p = 0.03; p < 0.05). The risk of low CD4+ T lymphocyte expression in cervical carcinoma infected by HPV type 52 was statistically significant 6-fold higher and 7.43-fold higher respectively compare with cervical carcinoma infected by HPV type 16 (OR = 6.00 ; CI 95% = 1.003-35.91; p = 0.04; p < 0.05) and HPV type 18 (OR = 7.43 ; CI 95% = 1.23-45.01; p = 0.02; p < 0.05). The risk of low CD8+ T lymphocyte expression in cervical carcinoma infected by HPV type 52 was statistically significant 13.5-fold higher and 11-fold higher respectively compare with cervical carcinoma infected by HPV type 16 (OR = 13.50 ; CI 95% = 1.42-128.26; p = 0.01; p < 0.05) and HPV type 18 (OR = 11.00 ; CI 95% = 1.16-103.94; p = 0.02; p < 0.05). No significance different between cases and controls group in mean-age, parity and sexual activity (p > 0.05). In conclusion, this study found that high IL-6 expression, low CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte expression were the risk factors of cervical carcinoma infected by HPV type 52

Pengaruh Keadilan Organisasional terhadap Kepuasan Kerja dan Keinginan Keluar Karyawan Kontraktual pada PT Indomarco Prismatama Badung Bali

Keinginan Keluardapat didefinisikan sebagai seberapa lama seorang karyawan ingin tinggal dan bekerja di sebuah organisasi. Organisasi perlu memperhatikan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keinginan keluar, agar karyawan tetap dan betah  dalam organisasi.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh keadilan organisasional terhadap kepuasan kerja dan keinginan keluar karyawan kontraktual di PT. Idomarco Prismatama – Badung Bali.Penelitian ini dilakukan pada karyawan PT. Idomarco Prismatama – Badung Bali. Sampel yang diambil sebanyak 92 responden. Pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik proportional random sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan penyebaran kuesioner dengan menggunakan skala likert 5 poin untuk mengukur 27 item pertanyaan. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah Path Anaylsis.Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa keadilan organisasional berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap keinginan keluar. Keadilan Organisasional memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja. Kepuasan kerja berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap keinginan keluar.Penelitian ini juga berhasil membuktikan bahwa kepuasan kerja memediasi pengaruh keadilan organisasional terhadap keinginan keluar karyawan di PT. Idomarco Prismatama – Badung Bali.Pihak Perusahaan harus selalu memperhatikan tingkat keadilan organisasional dan tingkat kepuasan kerja yang dirasakan oleh karyawan. Hal ini bertujuan agar karyawan merasakan tidak ada tempat yang lebih bagus daripada tempat bekerjanya saat ini

Analisis Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kinerja Pegawai pada PT Karang Bali Asli Tur

The study aims to analyze the factors affecting the performance of employees at PT. Asli Bali reef tours and influencing variables that represent each of the factors affecting the performance of employees at PT. Karang Bali Asli Tur. Selecting and focusing the study on PT. Asli Bali reef tour with employees making as many as 66 people as the sample with saturated sample method. Data were collected through questionnaires and adopt a multiple linear regression analysis. Results of data through methods Principal Component Analysis (PCA), there are four factors that affect the performance of employees at PT. Asli Bali reef tour and was able to explain all the variants that exist in the data, that is equal to 66.150 percent. These four factors are leadership factor with eigen value of 3.826, the motivational factors with eigen value of 3.506, the compensation factor with eigen value of 3.012, and the communication factor with eigen value equal to 2.886. While the variables that represent each of the factors affecting the performance of employees at PT. Asli Bali reef tour is the discipline variable loading factor superior to 0.810, variable working relationship with the loading factor 0,795, variable holiday allowances with loading factor 0.815, and variable discussion with loading factor 0.88

Pengaruh Keadilan Distributif, Keadilan Prosedural, dan Keadilan Interaksional terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Karyawan

This study was conducted to determine the effect of distributive justice, procedural justice, and interactional justice on employee job satisfaction at Batan Waru Restaurants Lippo Mall Kuta. The study was conducted on employees Batan Waru by the number of respondents as many as 35 employees. The number of respondents is determined using saturation sampling technique. The data collection is done by distributing questionnaires using a 5-point Likert scale to measure 26 indicators. Data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression. The test results distributive justice positive and significant impact on employee satisfaction, procedural fairness positive and significant impact on employee satisfaction, as well as interactional fairness positive and significant effect on employee satisfaction. The limitation of this study is the location of this research will be in the scope of the restaurant industry in Batan Waru Lippo Mall, Kuta, so the results of this study can not explain the circumstances of the other restaurants besides restaurants Batan Waru Lippo Mall, Kuta

Pengaruh Kompetensi, Lingkungan Kerja Fisik dan Motivasi terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Karyawan pada CV. Jaya Utama Teknik Denpasar, Bali

The purpose of the study was to analyze the effect of competence, physical work environment and motivation on job satisfaction. This study used a population of 64 people which was using a population method and were collected by questionnaire. The results of the study showed that the effect of partially variable competence, physical work environment and motivation on job satisfaction were positive and significant, the effect of variables simultaneously competence, physical work environment and motivation on job satisfaction were positive and significant and the physical work environment was a dominant variable on employee job satisfaction on the CV. Jaya Utama Tekni