A class of hydrazones are active against non-replicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

There is an urgent need for the development of shorter, simpler and more tolerable drugs to treat antibiotic tolerant populations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We previously identified a series of hydrazones active against M. tuberculosis. We selected five representative compounds for further analysis. All compounds were active against non-replicating M. tuberculosis, with two compounds demonstrating greater activity under hypoxic conditions than aerobic culture. Compounds had bactericidal activity with MBC/MIC of < 4 and demonstrated an inoculum-dependent effect against aerobically replicating bacteria. Bacterial kill kinetics demonstrated a faster rate of kill against non-replicating bacilli generated by nutrient starvation. Compounds had limited activity against other bacterial species. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that hydrazones have some attractive properties in terms of their anti-tubercular activity

RnhP is a plasmid‐borne RNase HI that contributes to genome maintenance in the ancestral strain Bacillus subtilis

RNA‐DNA hybrids form throughout the chromosome during normal growth and under stress conditions. When left unresolved, RNA‐DNA hybrids can slow replication fork progression, cause DNA breaks, and increase mutagenesis. To remove hybrids, all organisms use ribonuclease H (RNase H) to specifically degrade the RNA portion. Here we show that, in addition to chromosomally encoded RNase HII and RNase HIII, Bacillus subtilis NCIB 3610 encodes a previously uncharacterized RNase HI protein, RnhP, on the endogenous plasmid pBS32. Like other RNase HI enzymes, RnhP incises Okazaki fragments, ribopatches, and a complementary RNA‐DNA hybrid. We show that while chromosomally encoded RNase HIII is required for pBS32 hyper‐replication, RnhP compensates for the loss of RNase HIII activity on the chromosome. Consequently, loss of RnhP and RNase HIII impairs bacterial growth. We show that the decreased growth rate can be explained by laggard replication fork progression near the terminus region of the right replichore, resulting in SOS induction and inhibition of cell division. We conclude that all three functional RNase H enzymes are present in B. subtilis NCIB 3610 and that the plasmid‐encoded RNase HI contributes to chromosome stability, while the chromosomally encoded RNase HIII is important for chromosome stability and plasmid hyper‐replication.We have discovered an RNase HI (RnhP) encoded on the 84 Kbp endogenous plasmid of ancestral Bacillus subtilis strain NCIB 3610. RnhP has an overlapping function with RNase HIII and it serves to resolve several types of RNA‐DNA hybrids that can impact genome integrity. While neither RNase HIII nor RhnP contributes to plasmid maintenance, chromosome‐encoded RNase HIII is required for plasmid hyper‐replication.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/166327/1/mmi14601.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/166327/2/mmi14601-sup-0001-Supinfo.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/166327/3/mmi14601_am.pd

RnhP is a plasmid‐borne RNase HI that contributes to genome maintenance in the ancestral strain Bacillus subtilis NCIB 3610

RNA‐DNA hybrids form throughout the chromosome during normal growth and under stress conditions. When left unresolved, RNA‐DNA hybrids can slow replication fork progression, cause DNA breaks, and increase mutagenesis. To remove hybrids, all organisms use ribonuclease H (RNase H) to specifically degrade the RNA portion. Here we show that, in addition to chromosomally encoded RNase HII and RNase HIII, Bacillus subtilis NCIB 3610 encodes a previously uncharacterized RNase HI protein, RnhP, on the endogenous plasmid pBS32. Like other RNase HI enzymes, RnhP incises Okazaki fragments, ribopatches, and a complementary RNA‐DNA hybrid. We show that while chromosomally encoded RNase HIII is required for pBS32 hyper‐replication, RnhP compensates for the loss of RNase HIII activity on the chromosome. Consequently, loss of RnhP and RNase HIII impairs bacterial growth. We show that the decreased growth rate can be explained by laggard replication fork progression near the terminus region of the right replichore, resulting in SOS induction and inhibition of cell division. We conclude that all three functional RNase H enzymes are present in B. subtilis NCIB 3610 and that the plasmid‐encoded RNase HI contributes to chromosome stability, while the chromosomally encoded RNase HIII is important for chromosome stability and plasmid hyper‐replication.We have discovered an RNase HI (RnhP) encoded on the 84 Kbp endogenous plasmid of ancestral Bacillus subtilis strain NCIB 3610. RnhP has an overlapping function with RNase HIII and it serves to resolve several types of RNA‐DNA hybrids that can impact genome integrity. While neither RNase HIII nor RhnP contributes to plasmid maintenance, chromosome‐encoded RNase HIII is required for plasmid hyper‐replication.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/166327/1/mmi14601.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/166327/2/mmi14601-sup-0001-Supinfo.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/166327/3/mmi14601_am.pd