Evaluation of IPM modules for the management of fruit borer and fruit rot diseases in tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum Miller

Among, five IPM modules tested against tomato fruit borer and fruit rot on tomato, the IPM module (M3) consisting of use of pheromone traps (@ 12 traps/ha) just after transplanting the tomato crop , Lycopersicon esculentum Miller for monitoring the population of Helicoverpa armigera . followed by three foliar sprays commencing with a mixture of lamba-cyhalothrin 5EC @ 0.8ml/L(0.04%) and Dithane Z-78 (Zineb) @ 2.5g/L (0.25%) after 10 days of appearance of moths in the traps (after 30 days of transplanting) followed by spray with a mixture of Helicide (Ha NPV) 100 LE @ 0.5ml/L+ Indofil M-45 @ 2.5g/L (0.25%) + Gur (0.05%) + Tween 80 (0.05%) after 15 days of first spray followed by spray with a mixture of lamba-cyhalothrin 5EC @ 0.8ml/L(0.04%) and moximate (cymoxanil + mancozeb) @ 0.25% after 15 days of the second spray was found to be most effective in minimizing the infestation of fruit borer and fruit rot diseases with 50.00% and 63.45% reduction over control, respectively. This module was also found to be most economic resulting in highest marketable fruit yield (255.94q/ha) and maximum net returns (Rs.10.36) per rupee spent. The present findings are of immense utility as there will be reduction in number of sprays resulting in the cost of production of tomato crop

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Not AvailableAbstract: Turcicum leaf blight (TLB) caused by Exserohilum turcicum (Pass.) Leonard and Suggs is one of the most important foliar diseases of Maize. Host-plant resistance provides sustainable disease management option. With an objective to identify new source of resistance to TLB, 237 newly developed maize inbred lines were evaluated for two consecutive years at four location in India (Dharwad, Mandya, Almora and Bajaura) under artificially created disease epiphytotics. The disease reaction of individual genotype was rated on 1-9 scale. On the basis of pooled mean over locations, 41 inbred lines were found resistant (disease incidence <3.0), 181 inbred lines were moderately resistant (disease incidence 3.1-5.0) and 15 inbred lines were moderately susceptible (disease incidence 5.1-7.0). Out of 41 inbred lines, 33 lines viz. IMLSB-57-2, IMLSB-119-1, IMLSB-143-1, IMLSB-205-1, IMLSB-244- 1, IMLSB-246-2, IMLSB-266-2, IMLSB-306-1, IMLSB- 317-1, IMLSB-334B-1, IMLSB-343-1, IMLSB-343-2, IMLSB-380-1, IMLSB-428-2, IMLSB-446-2, IMLSB-475- 2, IMLSB-568-2, IMLSB-748-1, IMLSB-801-2, IMLSB- 807-1, IMLSB-825-2, IMLSB-955-1, IMLSB-956-2, IMLSB-975-2, IMLSB-976-2, IMLSB-1018-1, IMLSB- 1041-4-1, IMLSB-1043-1-1, IMLSB-1299-1, IMLSB- 1299-7, IMLSB-1381, IMLSB-2034, IMLSB-2136 were resistant at three locations and across location (mean basis), whereas 8 inbred lines IMLSB-282-2, IMLSB-310-2, IMLSB-1046-3-1, IMLSB-1047-1-1, IMLSB-1376, IMLSB-2051, IMLSB-2119, IMLSB-2166 were resistant at two locations and across mean basis. These 41 maize inbred lines, possessing resistance to turcicum leaf blight can be used successfully in developing promising hybrids.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableTurcicum leaf blight of maize caused by the fungus Setosphaeria turcica is a serious foliar disease of maize distributed widely throughout the world and causing significant yield losses. The disease is more prevalent in humid weather with temperature between 20–28 °C and causes small cigar-shaped lesions to complete destruction of the foliage. Though there are several management practices available, identification and deployment of host plant resistance is a pragmatic approach to control the disease. However, qualitative resistance is unstable and breaks down easily by emergence of new races of the pathogen in maize necessitating the development of durable TLB resistant cultivars. Application of modern molecular tools and availability of high-density molecular marker data are expected to accelerate efforts to develop resistant hybrids. This review provides a focuses on current status, and future research needs especially biological control and sustainable integrated management strategies of TLB.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableOwing global climate change, surveillance is essential tool to detect changes in pattern of diseases in the crops. To fulfill this purpose surveys were conducted from 2013-18 in five maize growing zones of India viz., Northern hill Zone (NHZ), Northern West Plain Zone (NWPZ), Northern East Plain Zone (NEPZ), Peninsular Zone (PZ) and Central Western Zone (CWZ). The percent disease index (PDI) of maydis leaf blight (MLB) was moderate (45) to high (65) in 4 zones (NHZ, NWPZ, NEPZ and PZ) while low in CWZ (25). Though the lowest incidence of turcicum leaf blight (TLB) was reported from CWZ in 2013 but it has increased consistently. PDI of TLB was highest (46) in 2016 in NHZ whereas banded leaf and sheath blight (BLSB) appeared at higher intensity in NHZ and NWPZ. Moderate (42) infection of curvularia leaf spot (CLS) was observed in all the five zones whereas bacterial stalk rot (BSR) was restricted to NHZ and NWPZ with moderate infection (33-47). Post flowering stalk rots (Charcoal and Fusarium stalk rot) appeared at higher intensity in all the 4 zones except NEPZ. PDI of brown spot (BS) ranged from 15-47 in NHZ and CWZ. Sorghum downy mildew (SDM), polysora rust (PR) and wilt were observed with very low infection from PZ while bacterial leaf streak (BLS) and brown stripe downy mildew (BSDM) were observed in NWPZ. This study revealed that there is need to develop effective management toolsfor MLB, TLB, PFSR and BLSB as these are the most prevalent maize diseases in present scenarioNot Availabl