Principal and Income Allocation of Stock Distributions--The Six Per Cent Rule

A productive trust is usually dynamic in two ways: the principal assets appreciate in value, and their use produces income. When the beneficial interests in such a trust are successively divided between income recipients and principal remaindermen, every payment to the trust must be characterized either as income or as an addition to principal. The most difficult categorization problems arise when the receipt is of corporate stock

Heart enhancers with deeply conserved regulatory activity are established early in zebrafish development.

During the phylotypic period, embryos from different genera show similar gene expression patterns, implying common regulatory mechanisms. Here we set out to identify enhancers involved in the initial events of cardiogenesis, which occurs during the phylotypic period. We isolate early cardiac progenitor cells from zebrafish embryos and characterize 3838 open chromatin regions specific to this cell population. Of these regions, 162 overlap with conserved non-coding elements (CNEs) that also map to open chromatin regions in human. Most of the zebrafish conserved open chromatin elements tested drive gene expression in the developing heart. Despite modest sequence identity, human orthologous open chromatin regions recapitulate the spatial temporal expression patterns of the zebrafish sequence, potentially providing a basis for phylotypic gene expression patterns. Genome-wide, we discover 5598 zebrafish-human conserved open chromatin regions, suggesting that a diverse repertoire of ancient enhancers is established prior to organogenesis and the phylotypic period

Herpetology of the Amistad Reservoir Area, Val Verde County, Texas

The Amistad Reservoir in southern Val Verde County, Texas will impound a considerable amount of surface water in a semi-arid region in which natural surface water is scarce. Construction of the dam began in 1963 and the reservoir began to fill in the summer of 1968. This large impoundment could have a considerable ecological impact on the area. The purpose of this research was to study the ecological distribution and zoogeographic affinities of the herpetofauna and to establish an ecological baseline against which any future changes could be measured

Social worker participation in organizational change: input, impacts, and commitment

The purpose of this case study is to elicit the perceptions of social workers of the costs and benefits related to a pervasive and rapid organizational change process. The costs and benefits are analysed within the context of an expanded version of the Bolman and Deal (1991, 1997) model for organizational analysis within a case study design. The study employs a method of triangulation in its approach to analysis. The first part of the study includes an analysis of selected government and government related documents (7 documents), primarily leading up the organizational change processes and products. The second part of the study analyzes the participants' selected experiences of the change processes as conceptualized through the use of six ( 6) quantitative questionnaires related to commitment, leadership, intention to turnover (by employees), and organizational change experiences. The population under study includes all social workers (160) in a particular organization which had experienced the integration of key selected traditional social work programs (Child Welfare, Community Living, and Youth Corrections) being integrated from a provincial government model to a community health board governed model. The third part of the study includes in-person interviews with selected participants (social workers) who had experienced the organizational change process and products (the move from the government governed model to the community board governed model). -- The results of the study demonstrated that changes were needed to improve service delivery mechanisms. The actual change process itself indicated that participants' commitment to the organization was less than adequate and that participants reported moderate to strong intentions to leave the organization. Front line leadership styles (in terms of transformational and transactional leadership) were also reported to be lacking at a time in which one would expect or hope for strong leadership qualities in all of its leaders. Finally, participants reported that they did not have the levels of input into organizational change processes and products that they would liked to have had. -- The study employs an exploratory case study design methodology. However, it does provide beginning insights into the challenges to rapid and pervasive organizational change in human services organizations. The study makes a number of recommendations regarding how the processes may be improved, as well as the implications for social work research, education, and practice

Mass Activated Droplet Sorting (MADS) Enables Highâ Throughput Screening of Enzymatic Reactions at Nanoliter Scale

Microfluidic droplet sorting enables the highâ throughput screening and selection of waterâ inâ oil microreactors at speeds and volumes unparalleled by traditional wellâ plate approaches. Most such systems sort using fluorescent reporters on modified substrates or reactions that are rarely industrially relevant. We describe a microfluidic system for highâ throughput sorting of nanoliter droplets based on direct detection using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESIâ MS). Droplets are split, one portion is analyzed by ESIâ MS, and the second portion is sorted based on the MS result. Throughput of 0.7â samplesâ sâ 1 is achieved with 98â % accuracy using a selfâ correcting and adaptive sorting algorithm. We use the system to screen â 15â 000â samples in 6â h and demonstrate its utility by sorting 25â nL droplets containing transaminase expressed in vitro. Labelâ free ESIâ MS droplet screening expands the toolbox for droplet detection and recovery, improving the applicability of droplet sorting to protein engineering, drug discovery, and diagnostic workflows.A microfluidic system for sorting nanoliter droplets based on mass spectrometry is presented. Fully automated, labelâ free sorting at 0.7â samplesâ sâ 1 is achieved with 98â % accuracy. In vitro transcription and translation (ivTT) of a transaminase enzyme in ca.â 25â nL samples is demonstrated and samples are sorted on the basis of enzyme activity.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154315/1/anie201913203.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154315/2/anie201913203-sup-0001-misc_information.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154315/3/anie201913203_am.pd

Mass Activated Droplet Sorting (MADS) Enables Highâ Throughput Screening of Enzymatic Reactions at Nanoliter Scale

Microfluidic droplet sorting enables the highâ throughput screening and selection of waterâ inâ oil microreactors at speeds and volumes unparalleled by traditional wellâ plate approaches. Most such systems sort using fluorescent reporters on modified substrates or reactions that are rarely industrially relevant. We describe a microfluidic system for highâ throughput sorting of nanoliter droplets based on direct detection using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESIâ MS). Droplets are split, one portion is analyzed by ESIâ MS, and the second portion is sorted based on the MS result. Throughput of 0.7â samplesâ sâ 1 is achieved with 98â % accuracy using a selfâ correcting and adaptive sorting algorithm. We use the system to screen â 15â 000â samples in 6â h and demonstrate its utility by sorting 25â nL droplets containing transaminase expressed in vitro. Labelâ free ESIâ MS droplet screening expands the toolbox for droplet detection and recovery, improving the applicability of droplet sorting to protein engineering, drug discovery, and diagnostic workflows.Ein Mikrofluidiksystem zur Sortierung von Nanolitertröpfchen basierend auf Massenspektrometrie erreicht eine vollautomatische markierungsfreie Sortierung bei 0.7 Probenâ sâ 1 mit 98â % Genauigkeit. Die Inâ vitroâ Transkription und â Translation (ivTT) eines Transaminaseâ Enzyms in Proben von etwa 25â nL wird demonstriert, und die Proben werden nach ihrer Enzymaktivität sortiert.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154446/1/ange201913203-sup-0001-misc_information.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154446/2/ange201913203.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154446/3/ange201913203_am.pd