4 research outputs found
Mapeamento de sensibilidade ambiental a derramentos de petróleo do sistema estuarino de Santos, estado de São Paulo
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo realizar o mapeamento de sensibilidade ambiental a derramamentos de óleo do estuário de Cubatão e entorno, em escala de detalhe (operacional), utilizando um Sistema de Informação Geográfica. A metodologia segue as normas de padronização do Ministério do Meio Ambiente. A área do estuário em sua totalidade pode ser considerada de alta sensibilidade, pois o ecossistema predominante é o manguezal. Além de ser um ecossistema de alta biodiversidade e produtividade, o manguezal apresenta baixo hidrodinamismo e sedimento lamoso, resultando em uma significativa persistência do óleo no ecossistema. Além disso, as técnicas que permitem limpar o óleo deste ambiente são limitadas. O estuário de Cubatão e seu entorno pode ser considerado também uma área suscetível a vazamentos de óleo devido à presença de diversas fontes potenciais de poluição como oleodutos, terminais, indústrias e movimentação de navios. Isto torna a área além de muito sensível, muito vulnerável em diversos pontos. Este estudo apresenta um conjunto de sete cartas SAO, sendo uma carta tática, em escala 1: 80.000, e seis cartas operacionais, em escala 1: 25.000, além de mapas temáticos, quadros de recursos visuais e listagem das espécies encontradas no estuário. Em um cenário de vazamento de óleo, as cartas SAO são de extrema utilidade, pois fornecem informações claras para a resposta. Portanto, estes instrumentos representam uma ferramenta fundamental para o balizamento das ações de resposta a vazamentos de óleo, pois permitem o direcionamento dos recursos disponíveis e a mobilização mais eficiente das equipes de proteção e limpeza, minimizando os impactos no ambiente e reforçando os instrumentos políticos e administrativos de ordenamento territorial.The aim of this work is to realize the environmental sensitivity mapping for oil spills of the Cubatão estuary and surroundings areas, in detail spatial scale, using a Geographic Information System. The methodology follows the standards determined by the Brazilian Federal Environment Organ (Ministry of the Environment). The study area can be considered of high sensitivity, because the mangrove is the predominant ecosystem. The mangrove is an ecosystem of high biodiversity and productivity; it presents low hydro energy and mud sediment, resulting in a significant persistence of the oil in this ecosystem. Besides, the techniques that allow cleaning the oil of this environment are limited. The estuary of Cubatão and surroundings areas can be considered also a susceptible area to oil spills due to the presence of several potential fountains of pollution like oil pipelines, terminals, industries and traffic of ships. These turn the area sensitive and very vulnerable in several points. This article shows a set of seven ESI maps including a tactical one, scale 1: 80.000, and six in detail scale, 1:25.000. It also shows thematic maps, visual resources and a species list from the estuary. In oil spill sceneries, sensitivity maps are extremely usefulness, since the maps supply clear informations for the response likes. So, these instruments represent a essential tool for the coordination of actions in oil spills sceneries, while they allow the management of available resources and the most efficient mobilization of the protection and cleaning teams, minimizing the impacts in the environment and reinforcing the political and administrative instruments of territorial ordainment.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP
NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics
Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data
NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics
Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data
Neotropical freshwater fisheries : A dataset of occurrence and abundance of freshwater fishes in the Neotropics
The Neotropical region hosts 4225 freshwater fish species, ranking first among the world's most diverse regions for freshwater fishes. Our NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set is the first to produce a large-scale Neotropical freshwater fish inventory, covering the entire Neotropical region from Mexico and the Caribbean in the north to the southern limits in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. We compiled 185,787 distribution records, with unique georeferenced coordinates, for the 4225 species, represented by occurrence and abundance data. The number of species for the most numerous orders are as follows: Characiformes (1289), Siluriformes (1384), Cichliformes (354), Cyprinodontiformes (245), and Gymnotiformes (135). The most recorded species was the characid Astyanax fasciatus (4696 records). We registered 116,802 distribution records for native species, compared to 1802 distribution records for nonnative species. The main aim of the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set was to make these occurrence and abundance data accessible for international researchers to develop ecological and macroecological studies, from local to regional scales, with focal fish species, families, or orders. We anticipate that the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set will be valuable for studies on a wide range of ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, fishery pressure, the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation, and the impacts of species invasion and climate change. There are no copyright restrictions on the data, and please cite this data paper when using the data in publications