The response to crop health and productivity of field pea (Pisum sativum L.) at different growing conditions

With increasing the area of legumes one of the most possible risks for productivity limitation is diseases. The research on the response to diseases and productivity of field peas was carried out during 2018–2020. The six cultivars and breeding lines were grown at two different infection levels: at natural field infection and under disease control using seed treatment and foliar fungicides. The main disease in field peas during the research year was Ascochyta blight at different intensites depending on year, cultivar/breeding line and disease control efficacy. Dominating pathogenic fungus D. pisi on harvested grains prevailed. Pea grain yield was significantly affected by cultivar/breeding line, experiments year and growing conditions. The highest yield difference between growing conditions (natural field infection and under disease control) was recorded in 2020 when Ascochyta blight and Grey mould gave the most severe attack. This finding illustrates the importance to eliminate one of the most important limiting factors for productivity – severe diseases. Future research on the forecast system of Ascochyta blight and other field pea diseases infection risk is needed. The response of cultivar/breeding line to weather conditions was established in this research as well. Tested breeding lines showed higher drought stress tolerance compared with commercial cultivars. More focus on environment stress-resistant cultivars is needed

Effects of Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Cultivars for Mixed Cropping with Oats (Avena sativa L.) on Yield and Competition Indices in an Organic Production System

The benefits of cereal-legume mixed cropping is a sustainable agricultural practice. However, knowledge of the genotypic differences of semi-leafless pea varieties is not enough to help them compete with cereals. In this study, the effects of Lithuania’s newest Pisum sativum cultivars (‘Egle DS’ and ‘Lina DS’) and, for comparison, a control cultivar (‘Jūra DS’) established with Avena sativa in mixed cropping system were investigated. Three years of field trials (2018, 2019 and 2020) with four experiments involved three different mixtures of each field pea cultivar with oat. The aboveground biomass of mixed cropped new field pea cultivars was found to be significantly higher: biomass of cultivars ‘Egle DS’ increased by 17.0% and ‘Lina DS’ by 7.2% on average compared with the control cultivar ‘Jūra DS’. For the mixed cropping system, statistically greater total aboveground biomass was observed with plant ratios of 50% pea + 50% oat and 60% pea + 40% oat compared to peas monocultures. Mixed cropped oat was the dominant species in all tested mixture compositions; however, the highest total grain yield of mixed crops was obtained when new pea ‘Lina DS’ and ‘Egle DS’ cultivars were included in the mixtures compared with the control cultivar. The new pea cultivar ‘Egle DS’ had a greater effect on protein content compared to other tested pea cultivars. In the new pea cultivars ‘Lina DS’ and ‘Egle DS’, the higher photosynthetic capacity and aboveground biomass of mixed cropped pea with oat showed mixture effects in the mixed cropped system and could increase total yield compared with pea monoculture. Generally, the new pea cultivars displayed a greater Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) value, resulting in the greatest yield among the mixtures on average for all three years and all four experiments. Future research could optimize the effects of pea cultivar mixtures with cereals to further improve the yield of organic mixed cropping systems

Ekologinio ir intensyvaus ūkininkavimo įtaka dirvožemio gyvybingumui

Lietuvos agrarinių ir miškų mokslų centro filialas Miškų institutasLietuvos agrarinių ir miškų mokslų centro filialas Žemdirbystės instituta

CO2 dujų apykaita tarp dirvožemio ir atmosferos skirtingose ekosistemose: fizikinių, cheminių ir biologinių veiksnių sąveika

Lietuvos agrarinių ir miškų mokslų centro filialas Miškų institutasLietuvos agrarinių ir miškų mokslų centro filialas Žemdirbystės instituta

After-effect of long-term soil management on soil respiration and other qualitative parameters under prolonged dry soil conditions

Climatic conditions of environmental zone Nemoral 2 of Europe are favorable for agricultural development. However, more frequent events of hot air-waves and prolonged droughts occurring as a consequence of climate change lead to soil moisture content reduction down to the plant wilting point. Dry soil conditions may have negative consequences for soil as a habitat. The goal of this study was to evaluate the cumulative after-effect of long-term conventional (CT) and no-tillage (NT) application in combination with or without crop residues on soil physicochemical properties, microbiological activity, and soil respiration (SR) under prolonged dry soil conditions. Long-term CT with residue returning created a soil environment that was more resistant to dry conditions than NT. Longterm CT with residue returning created a qualitative soil environment in which the main direct determinants for SR were fungal (F) and bacterial (B) community and carbon/nitrogen ratio (C/N). Slightly weaker contributors for SR were available phosphorus (PAL), plant wilting point (PWP), plant available water (PAW), and urease activity (UR); however, they acted as indirect factors. Long-term spreading of residues on soil surface under NT determined the decrease in water capacity in mesopores and micropores. Significant reduction in field capacity and PWP was revealed, while PAW remained unchanged compared to NT with residues removed. Main direct determinants for SR were F and PAL. Slightly weaker indirect contributors for SR were B, dehydrogenase, UR, and PAWLietuvos agrarinių ir miškų mokslų centro Žemdirbystės institutasVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

Tvarus skirtingos genezės dirvožemių naudojimas

Agronomijos fakultetasLietuvos agrarinių ir mi škų mokslų centro Vėžaičių filialasLietuvos agrarinių ir miškų mokslų centro Joniškėlio bandymų stotisLietuvos agrarinių ir miškų mokslų centro Vėžaičių filialasLietuvos agrarinių ir miškų mokslų centro Žemdirbystės institutasVilniaus universitetasVytauto Didžiojo universiteta

Ilgalaikio įvairaus intensyvumo išteklių naudojimo poveikis skirtingos genezės dirvožemiams ir kitiems agroekosistemų komponentams (AGROTVARA)

Agronomijos fakultetasLietuvos agrarinių ir mi škų mokslų centro Vėžaičių filialasLietuvos agrarinių ir miškų mokslų centrasLietuvos agrarinių ir miškų mokslų centro Vėžaičių filialasLietuvos agrarinių ir miškų mokslų centro filialas Joniškėlio bandymų stotisLietuvos agrarinių ir miškų mokslų centro filialas Žemdirbystės institutasLietuvos agrarinių ir miškų mokslų centro Žemdirbystės institutasVilniaus universitetasVytauto Didžiojo universiteta