EVALUATION OF CHOROIDAL AND MACULAR THICKNESS ASSESSED BY ENHANCED DEPTH IMAGING SD-OCT IN THE NATURAL PROGRESSION OF MYOPIC PATIENTS.

Background Myopia is associated with structural changes in the retina and choroid, which can be assessed using enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). This study aimed to evaluate the changes in choroidal and macular thickness among patients with varying degrees of myopia.  Methods A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at Pradyumna Bal Memorial Hospital, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India. A total of 74 participants (148 eyes) with myopia were recruited. Participants underwent SD-OCT imaging, and measurements of macular and choroidal thickness were taken. Data were analyzed based on age, gender, and degree of myopia.  Results There was a significant reduction in retinal and choroidal thickness with increasing age (p < 0.05). High myopia (> -9 diopters) showed significantly thinner retinal and choroidal layers compared to low and moderate myopia groups (p < 0.01). Male participants had slightly higher thickness measurements compared to females, but the difference was not statistically significant.  Conclusion Progression of myopia is associated with thinning of retinal and choroidal structures, particularly in patients with high myopia.  Recommendation Regular SD-OCT monitoring is recommended in myopic patients for early detection of structural changes and timely intervention

The impact of dance and music therapy interventions on outcomes for children with developmental disorders: A scoping review protocol

Developmental disorders include long-term and persistent neurodevelopmental, behavioral, physical and emotional disorders that manifest in the early years and often result in variable but serious adverse impacts on a child’s wellbeing and quality of life. This group of impairments encompasses conditions such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Intellectual Developmental Disorders (IDD), Down Syndrome, Cerebral Palsy, Conduct Disorders (CD) and other developmental delays or impairments. Dance and music-based interventions are a novel form of rehabilitative therapy grounded in the arts and aimed at stimulating creative and emotional expression while simultaneously building on skills in social interaction, self-regulation, problem-solving and perseverance. They integrate the opportunity to improve physical skills such as kinesthetic sense or motor coordination along with emotional and social skills such as the empathetic expression of emotions through music or synchronization-based group activities. The purpose of this scoping review is to explore, integrate and map out the research available regarding such interventions and understand the various methods through which they have been implemented

Comparison of nalbuphine versus magnesium sulfate as an adjuvant to intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine (0.5%) in infraumbilical surgeries

Abstract Background Spinal anesthesia with bupivacaine is very common for infraumbilical surgeries. Various adjuvants are added to it to improve the quality of the block and post-operative analgesia. The study period for this study was from October 2017 to March 2018, and it was a randomized double-blinded prospective observational study. In this study, we aim to compare nalbuphine and MgSO4 (magnesium sulfate) as adjuvant to hyperbaric bupivacaine in terms of sensorimotor blockage characteristics, hemodynamic stability, and postoperative analgesia. Ninety patients of ASA grades I and II, between 18 and 60 years of age of either sex posted for elective infraumbilical surgeries, after approval from the institutional review board and written informed consent, were allocated into 3 groups of 30 patients each. With the help of the randomization table, random numbers were generated, and the randomization was done at the time of giving intrathecal anesthesia. Group A: 3 mL of 0.5% heavy bupivacaine 15 mg + 0.2 mL of 0.9% normal saline to a total volume of 3.2 mL Group B: 3 mL of 0.5% heavy bupivacaine 15 mg + 0.1 mL of 1 mg preservative-free nalbuphine with 0.1 ml of 0.9% normal saline to a total volume of 3.2 mL Group C: 3 mL of 0.5% heavy bupivacaine 15 mg + 0.2 ml of 50% preservative-free (100 mg) magnesium sulfate to a total volume of 3.2 mL The primary outcome was to assess the postoperative analgesia, and the secondary outcome was to assess the perioperative hemodynamic stability and adverse effects during the study period. Results The onset of sensory and motor blockade was earlier in the nalbuphine group as compared with the other two groups. It was also observed that the duration of postoperative analgesia was longer in the patients who received magnesium sulfate as compared with the patients in the other two groups. Adverse effects (pruritus, nausea, vomiting) were more in the nalbuphine group as compared with the other two groups. Conclusions In a nutshell, preservative-free intrathecal 1 mg nalbuphine and 100 mg magnesium sulfate both are good adjuvants to hyperbaric bupivacaine. Nalbuphine provides faster sensory and motor onset than magnesium sulfate, whereas magnesium sulfate provides prolonged postoperative analgesia than nalbuphine. </jats:sec

Benign multicystic peritoneal mesothelioma: a case report

Free-floating peritoneal masses found during laparotomy should arouse a suspicion of benign multicystic peritoneal mesothelioma and they must be removed and subjected to histopathological examination and immunochemical staining to ascertain their benign nature. The objective of the study was to report a rare case of benign multicystic peritoneal mesotheliomas. We report an incidental finding of multiple free-floating peritoneal masses in a pregnant primigravida woman with a normal antenatal course who underwent a cesarean section in a rural hospital setting in India for fetal distress. The masses were removed from the peritoneal cavity during the surgery and subjected to histopathological examination and found to be benign multicystic peritoneal mesotheliomas. Immunohistochemistry of the cysts revealed that the mesothelial cells lining the cysts were positive for calretinin and WT1 and negative for CD31.</jats:p