2 research outputs found
Influence of Cultivar and Harvest Year on the Volatile Profiles of Leaves and Roots of Carrots (<i>Daucus carota</i> spp. <i>sativus</i> Hoffm.)
The focus of the present work centers
on the diversity of volatile
patterns of carrots. In total 15 main volatiles were semiquantified
in leaves and roots using isolation by headspace solid phase microextraction
followed by gas chromatography with FID and MS detection. Significant
differences in the main number of compounds were detected between
the cultivars as well as the years. Genotype–environment interactions
(G × E) are discussed. The most abundant metabolites, β-myrcene
(leaves) and terpinolene (roots), differ in the sum of all interactions
(cultivar × harvest year) by a factor of 22 and 62, respectively.
A statistical test indicates significant metabolic differences between
cultivars for nine volatiles in leaves and 10 in roots. In contrast
to others the volatiles α-pinene, γ-terpinene, limonene,
and myristicine in leaves as well as β-pinene, humulene, and
bornyl acetate in roots are relatively stable over years. A correlation
analysis shows no strict clustering regarding root color. While the
biosynthesis in leaves and roots is independent between these two
organs for nine of the 15 volatiles, a significant correlation of
the myristicine content between leaves and roots was determined, which
suggests the use of this compound as a bitter marker in carrot breeding
What Do We Know about the Chemistry of Strawberry Aroma?
The strawberry, with its unique aroma,
is one of the most popular
fruits worldwide. The demand for specific knowledge of metabolism
in strawberries is increasing. This knowledge is applicable for genetic
studies, plant breeding, resistance research, nutritional science,
and the processing industry. The molecular basis of strawberry aroma
has been studied for more than 80 years. Thus far, hundreds of volatile
organic compounds (VOC) have been identified. The qualitative composition
of the strawberry volatilome remains controversial though considerable
progress has been made during the past several decades. Between 1997
and 2016, 25 significant analytical studies were published. Qualitative
VOC data were harmonized and digitized. In total, 979 VOC were identified,
590 of which were found since 1997. However, 659 VOC (67%) were only
listed once (single entries). Interestingly, none of the identified
compounds were consistently reported in all of the studies analyzed.
The present need of data exchange between “omic” technologies
requires high quality and robust metabolic data. Such data are unavailable
for the strawberry volatilome thus far. This review discusses the
divergence of published data regarding both the biological material
and the analytical methods. The VOC extraction method is an essential
step that restricts interlaboratory comparability. Finally, standardization
of sample preparation and data documentation are suggested to improve
consistency for VOC quantification and measurement