Editorial Board

This nursery was organized in response to the need for improving adaptation and obtaining genetic information on the resistance or reaction to the different stress environments (biotic and abiotic) to which beans are subjected in production areas. Results are given for the best black- and red-seeded lines of the 1987 VIDAC, covering characteristics such as 100 seeds, days to flowering and physiological maturity, wt. of and response to diseases such as rust (Uromyces phaseoli), bacterioses (Xanthomonas phaseoli), BGMV, and web blight (Thanatephorus cucumeris). The yield potential and genetic adaptation of the best materials over different sites are also analyzed. Information on these national and regional trials should be collected in an efficient regional information and documentation center. (CIAT)Este vivero se organizo con base en la necesidad de conseguir una mejor adaptacion e informacion genetica sobre la resistencia o la reaccion a los diferentes ambientes de estres (bioticos o abioticos) a los cuales se somete el frijol en las areas de produccion. Se presentan los resultados de las mejores lineas de semilla negra y semilla roja de los VIDAC de 1987, para las caracteristicas de peso de 100 semillas, dias a floracion y a madurez fisiologica, y respuesta a enfermedades como roya (Uromyces phaseoli), bacteriosis (Xanthomonas phaseoli), BGMV y mustia hilachosa (Thanathephorus cucumeris). Tambien, se examinan el potencial de rendimiento y la adaptacion genetica de los mejores materiales en diferentes sitios. Es necesario reunir gran cantidad de informacion sobre estos ensayos nacionales y regionales en un centro de informacion y documentacion regional eficiente. (CIAT

Rapid solubility and mineral storage of CO2 in basalt

The long-term security of geologic carbon storage is critical to its success and public acceptance. Much of the security risk associated with geological carbon storage stems from its buoyancy. Gaseous and supercritical CO2 are less dense than formation waters, providing a driving force for it to escape back to the surface. This buoyancy can be eliminated by the dissolution of CO2 into water prior to, or during its injection into the subsurface. The dissolution makes it possible to inject into fractured rocks and further enhance mineral storage of CO2 especially if injected into silicate rocks rich in divalent metal cations such as basalts and ultra-mafic rocks. We have demonstrated the dissolution of CO2 into water during its injection into basalt leading to its geologic solubility storage in less than five minutes and potential geologic mineral storage within few years after injection [1–3]. The storage potential of CO2 within basaltic rocks is enormous. All the carbon released from burning of all fossil fuel on Earth, 5000 GtC, can theoretically be stored in basaltic rocks [4]

The evolution of regional trials and collaboration in Central America, 1955 to 1988

The paper describes the development of collaborative research on beans in Central America, Mexico, Colombia and Venezuela, since the 1950s. National bean research programs were established in all countries by the 1960s. The PPCMCA was formed in 1955 and extended to beans (PPCMF) in 1962, when the first regional trial was composed. IICA assumed responsibility for the management of regional trials in 1965, now numbering three for different seed types and purposes. In 1969, it was proposed that regional collaboration be extended to other disciplines but, for various reasons, this was not accomplished. Similarly, the regional trials system was abandoned. Bean research began at CIAT in 1971 and, following a workshop in 1975, the first IBYAN was formulated, replacing the former regional trials of the PCCMF. Collaboration was further strengthened by the development of the CIAT regional programme in Central America. In 1977, the VEF and the EP trial series and various international disease nurseries were initiated and, with the IBYANs, remained the chief sources of new materials until the early 80s, when truly regional trials again emerged. The present structure of the system is described. (AS

Changes overtime in the proportion of beans in a varietal mixture

Ten bean var. with different seed color and size, ranging from 21 to 42 g/100 seeds, were planted in Rubona, Rwerere, and Karama (Rwanda) to monitor the change in proportion of var. within the mixtures over the course of seasons and compare these changes with pure stand yields. Over 5 seasons the proportion of var. changed considerably at all 3 sites. Av. pure stand yield and change in proportion of var. over seasons at Rwerere are included. In general, var. with higher pure stand yield or with small seed size increased in proportion at all 3 sites of the study. (CIAT