Distances on Lozenge Tilings

International audienceIn this paper, a structural property of the set of lozenge tilings of a 2n-gon is highlighted. We introduce a simple combinatorial value called Hamming-distance, which is a lower bound for the flipdistance (i.e. the number of necessary local transformations involving three lozenges) between two given tilings. It is here proven that, for n5, We show that there is some deficient pairs of tilings for which the flip connection needs more flips than the combinatorial lower bound indicates

PET/RPET vs. verre dans l'industrie des emballages à usage unique : application au cycle de vie complet dans le secteur vinicole du sud de la France et focus sur les effets en fin de vie.

International audienceThe growing French wine industry export trade leads packaging manufacturers and wine producers to develop innovative solutions to lower the transportation and bottle production related impacts. The traditional wine containing system is a 75cL glass bottle closed by a cork stopper. In recent years, a new lightweight glass bottle emerged, getting the bottle weight from around 500g to 365g, as a first solution to reduce the environmental footprint of transportation. However, according to recent Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) studies in the field, this is still not enough compared to other systems, not to mention the remaining risk of breakage which triggers a pressure on the impact intensive wine production. Furthermore these studies focus on packages such as Tetra Pack®, Bag in Box®, or standing pouches, not compatible with the higher range wine studied here. Weighing around 50g and almost unbreakable, a 75cL PolyEthylene Terephtalate (PET) bottle is an interesting alternative to the energy consuming glass bottle production. This plastic is highly recyclable, meaning that a used PET bottle can be incorporated in the manufacturing process of a new bottle. The Novinpak® project aims at developing such a lightweight recycled PET (RPET) containing packaging for quality wine. Among the different existing beverage plastic packaging LCAs, none is considering the true vine growing and wine production processes of the region it is embedded in. The present work aims at comparing glass and PET/RPET wine bottles. It also takes into account the upstream processes of local wine production, the packaging manufacturing and filling, the distribution step and the end of life as well. By doing so, the contribution of the packaging manufacturing process can be put into perspective among the entire wine bottle production process. The end-of-life hypotheses play a big role in such a study results and therefore require much attention

MICA AND NKG2D POLYMORPHISMS HAVE A SIGNIFICANT IMPACT ON GRAFT VERSUS HOST DISEASE AFTER HLA-MATCHED HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION.

22nd Congress of the European-Hematology-Association, Madrid, SPAIN, JUN 22-25, 2017International audienc

Catalogue critique des types de Poissons du Mus\ue9um national d\u27Histoire naturelle (Suite) (Famille des Mullidae)

Volume: 7Start Page: 1End Page: 2

Structure and chemical composition of the dentin-enamel junction analyzed by Confocal Raman Microscopy

International audienc

Behavior of CAD/CAM ceramic veneers under stress: A 3D holographic study

International audienceObjectivesCeramic veneers restorations may undergo damages, such as cracks, fractures, or debonding. Full-field measurements must be carried out in order to visualize and analyze the strain fields. This paper demonstrates that digital holography permits to investigate the mechanical behavior under stress of a natural incisor and a natural incisor reconstructed with CAD/CAM ceramic veneer.MethodsThe facial surface of a maxillary central incisor is prepared to receive a monolithic ceramic reconstruction manufactured using a chairside computer-aided design and computer aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) system (Cerec AC® system, Sirona Dental System®, Bensheim, Germany). One incisor is kept intact for comparison. The samples are sectioned longitudinally to obtain a planar observation of the region of interest. A mechanical indentation head and digital holographic set-ups permit a full-field, contact-less and single-shot measurement of the three-dimensional displacement fields at the surface of the tooth sample when subjected to load. Stain fields are then estimated and comparison of the results between two samples can be carried out.Results3D displacement, fields and strain fields are measured and highlight the behavior of the region of interest in three directions of space for the ceramic veneer and the natural incisor. The strain maps reveal the local behavior, especially the concentration or the sudden change in strain. The transition zones are clearly observed, particularly for the veneered sample.ConclusionDigital holography highlights the localization of stress concentration zones in regions of interest and yields comparative analysis between samples with different tooth preparations.Significanceholography permits to visualize and compare the mechanical response of the ceramic veneer and natural tooth. This helps choosing the mechanical properties of the bonding interface