Dual-PEEC Modeling of a Two-Port TEM Cell for VHF Applications

Two-port TEM cells with rectangular cross section are commonly used to produce plane electromagnetic waves with high electric field. The non-uniform structure makes the use of numerical methods extremely useful in the design phase in order to achieve a very good behavior of the TEM cell over a wide frequency range of operation. In this paper an extended version of PEEC is used to study a real device and results are compared with experimental ones

On improving the iterative convergence properties of an implicit approximate-factorization finite difference algorithm

The iterative convergence properties of an approximate-factorization implicit finite-difference algorithm are analyzed both theoretically and numerically. Modifications to the base algorithm were made to remove the inconsistency in the original implementation of artificial dissipation. In this way, the steady-state solution became independent of the time-step, and much larger time-steps can be used stably. To accelerate the iterative convergence, large time-steps and a cyclic sequence of time-steps were used. For a model transonic flow problem governed by the Euler equations, convergence was achieved with 10 times fewer time-steps using the modified differencing scheme. A particular form of instability due to variable coefficients is also analyzed

A structural modeling approach for the understanding of initiation and elongation of ALS-linked superoxide dismutase fibrils

Familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis caused by mutations in copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) is characterized by the presence of SOD1-rich inclusions in spinal cords. It has been shown that a reduced intra-subunit disulfide bridge apo-SOD1 can rapidly initiate fibrillation forming an inter-subunits disulfide under mild, physiologically accessible conditions. Once initiated, elongation can proceed via recruitment of either apo or partially metallated disulfide-intact SOD1 and the presence of copper, but not zinc, ions inhibit fibrillation. We propose a structural model, refined through molecular dynamics simulations, that, taking into account these experimental findings, provides a molecular explanation for the initiation and the elongation of SOD1 fibrils in physiological conditions. The model indicates the occurrence of a new dimeric unit, prone to interact one with the other due to the presence of a wide hydrophobic surface and specific electrostatic interactions. The model has dimensions consistent with the SOD1 fibril size observed through electron microscopy and provides a structural basis for the understanding of SOD1 fibrillation

Challenges in load balance due to renewable energy sources penetration: The possible role of energy storage technologies relative to the Italian case

With the rapid growth of the electricity produced by RES (renewable energy sources), especially those highly variable and unprogrammable (e.g. wind and solar power), the need of energy system flexibility increases significantly. Since RES currently represent a significant fraction of the power supply, their variable nature poses challenges to power grid operation, such as RES curtail and loss in global efficiency of thermoelectric plants, since they are often operated at part-load as fluctuating back-up power. In particular, thermoelectric plants recently moved their role from base-load power to fluctuating back-up power. Such a cycling operation represents a less obvious effect of grid flexibility requirement due to RES penetration. Main effect is the increment of both energetic costs, due to reduced efficiency operation, and wear-and-tear costs. This aspect is deeply analysed in reference to the Italian electricity generation mix in the period 2008-2012. Moreover, the possible coupling of energy storage systems with thermoelectric plants is highlighted as an alternative solution respect to retrofitting of existing plants

Natural compounds as therapeutic agents: The case of human topoisomerase ib

Natural products are widely used as source for drugs development. An interesting example is represented by natural drugs developed against human topoisomerase IB, a ubiquitous enzyme involved in many cellular processes where several topological problems occur due the formation of supercoiled DNA. Human topoisomerase IB, involved in the solution of such problems relaxing the DNA cleaving and religating a single DNA strand, represents an important target in anticancer therapy. Several natural compounds inhibiting or poisoning this enzyme are under investigation as possible new drugs. This review summarizes the natural products that target human topoisomerase IB that may be used as the lead compounds to develop new anticancer drugs. Moreover, the natural compounds and their derivatives that are in clinical trial are also commented on

Interpretation of the behaviour of compacted soils using cam-clay extended to unsaturated conditions

This paper is focused on the interpretation of experimental results obtained at the Department of Geotechnical Engineering of the University of Naples Federico II (Italy) to investigate the effects of partial saturation on the volumetric behaviour and the initial shear stiffness of a compacted silt. Tests were performed by using suction-controlled triaxial and resonant column cells. Herein, the compatibility of the results with a Single Stress Model (SSM) is discussed. The SSM allows to highlight that suction can have two effects on the mechanical behaviour of an unsaturated soil: it increases the average volumetric stress acting on the soil skeleton and it has a sort of cementing effect on the soil packing (hardening and cementation)

Progressive emergence of double porosity in a silt during compaction

The paper deals with an experimental investigation of water retention properties of a statically compacted unsaturated low plasticity silt. The objective is a deeper understanding of the evolution of an aggregate type fabric at different initial conditions in terms of void ratio and water content. A series of Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry tests (MIP) were performed to provide information about factors influencing fabric changes (effect of mechanical stress due to sample compaction) and fabric-properties relationships (water re-tention curve related to porosimetry). The arrangements of aggregation/particles are also investigated with Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM). The experimental data has been used to calibrate a multimodal water retention model for aggregate which is obtained by linear superposition of sub-curves of the van Genuchten type modified. By comparing the WRC obtained by MIP and under suction controlled conditions it has been found a good agreement between the two method for the drying path

Dynamic control strategies for distributed microgeneration and waste heat recovery power plants

In this paper the modeling activity on a waste heat recovery microgeneration ORC plant is presented together with the results of the application of two different load diagrams and three different control strategies. The overall energy production and the average efficiency were compared and a proper control strategy was evaluated to optimize the energy recovery process as well as the dynamic response of the plant

Application to a compacted soil of a Cam Clay model extended to unsaturated conditions

This paper presents an interpretation of experimental results obtained at the Department of Geotechnical Engineering of the Università di Napoli Federico II. The results are part of an extensive program carried out to investigate the effects of partial saturation on the volumetric behaviour and on the initial shear stiffness of a compacted silt. Tests were performed using two suction-controlled devices, a triaxial cell and a Resonant Column Torsional Shear (RCTS) cell. The compatibility of experimental data with a Bishop Stress Model (BSM) is discussed in the paper. The BSM permits to highlight the two main effects of suction on soil behaviour: the increase of the average stress acting on the soil skeleton and the hardening - cementing of the soil packing. Hydraulic hysteresis is included in the definition of the water retention curve so that its effects, such as the irreversible component of volume change recorded during drying paths, are automatically incorporated in the predictions of the model

Adequacy of hospitals in Rome to an unconventional event (CBRNe). TTX simulation and HTA

Background Rome hosts thousands of sensible targets. Healthcare reaction has been guaranteed by 6 advanced Emergency Departments (EDs) and 7 basic ones. Everyday Rome hosts 6 millions of people/die, ± 2 million in particular occasions. About National Stockpile Antidotes (SNA), Rome hosts 3 warehouses. In case of events, stockpiles are activated with a long-time call; then stockpiles are charged in delivering trucks. Methods Study analyzes PEIMAF (State of emergency plans for massive influx of injures) of advanced EDs in Rome and their adequacy in a possible CBRNe attack. Hypothesis of C/N attack on Saint Peter's Square during Angelus on Wednesday (at 12.00 AM) or E attack in Trastevere on Saturday (at 9.00 PM). Analysis of activation of SNA and travel times between SNA warehouse and EDs. Comparison with French EDs during Paris attacks. Results EDs are chronically undermanned in ordinary conditions already, and would have issues in hosting a very large number of critical patients all at once. Some hospitals do not inform their workers about PEIMAF or they do not consider CBRNe emergencies in their PEIMAF, and even if it has been considered, hardly any simulation/exercitation is ever performed. Moreover, news of the CBRNe attack may not reach immediately the healthcare personal already at work in EDs; this is extremely problematic since they could be at major risk of contamination in case of CBRNe attacks. Furthermore, without a standardize protocol active in the whole city, no cross-hospital organization can be performed. Conclusions All data point towards the weakness and fragmentation of actual organizative system. Time of activation and charging are crucials for first aid efficacy and efficiency; a smart call system can reduce the activation time of SNA. A better organization of SNA in major Rome hospitals can reduce delivering time and help save more lives