Du confiage à l'esclavage « Petites bonnes » ivoiriennes en France

RÉSUMÉDe nombreuses jeunes femmes ivoiriennes travaillent en France comme employées domestiques chez des concitoyens régulièrement installés. L'immense majorité de ces jeunes femmes n'ont pas de titre de séjour et sont employées dans des conditions contraires au droit du travail. Certaines sont exploitées jusqu'à l'extrême, et une minorité parvient à engager une action en justice contre leurs employeurs. II ressort des témoignages de ces jeunes femmes qu'elles ont été confiées à une famille d'accueil, en France, par leur famille d'origine au pays. L'étude de ces témoignages et des traditions ivoiriennes de confiage montre que si ces traditions sont fréquemment dévoyées en France, elles le sont également, et avant tout, dans les principales villes de Côte-d'Ivoire.ABSTRACTThe "Misfortunes" of Fosterage in France: The Case of "Little Maids" from the Ivory Coast. Several young women from the Ivory Coast work in France as maids for persons from their homeland who have residence or work permits.   The immense majority of these young women are undocumented migrants employed under conditions contrary to labor law.   Some of them are exploited to the utmost, but a minority have managed to take their employers to court.   According to these women, their families in the Ivory Coast entrusted them to "foster" families in France.   By studying their testimonies and examining homeland customs of fosterage, it can be seen that these traditions are misused so frequently not only in France but also in big cities in the Ivory Coast

Boundedness of Marcinkiewicz integrals with rough kernels on Musielak-Orlicz Hardy spaces

Abstract Let φ : R n × [ 0 , ∞ ) → [ 0 , ∞ ) $\varphi:\mathbb{R}^{n}\times[0, \infty) \to[0, \infty)$ satisfy that φ ( x , ⋅ ) $\varphi(x, \cdot)$ , for any given x ∈ R n $x\in\mathbb{R}^{n}$ , is an Orlicz function and φ ( ⋅ , t ) $\varphi(\cdot, t)$ is a Muckenhoupt A ∞ $A_{\infty}$ weight uniformly in t ∈ ( 0 , ∞ ) $t\in(0, \infty)$ . The Musielak-Orlicz Hardy space H φ ( R n ) $H^{\varphi}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$ is defined to be the set of all tempered distributions such that their grand maximal functions belong to the Musielak-Orlicz space L φ ( R n ) $L^{\varphi}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$ . In this paper, the authors establish the boundedness of Marcinkiewicz integral μ Ω $\mu _{\Omega}$ from H φ ( R n ) $H^{\varphi}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$ to L φ ( R n ) $L^{\varphi}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$ under weaker smoothness conditions assumed on Ω. This result is also new even when φ ( x , t ) : = ϕ ( t ) $\varphi(x, t):=\phi(t)$ for all ( x , t ) ∈ R n × [ 0 , ∞ ) $(x, t)\in\mathbb{R}^{n}\times[0, \infty)$ , where ϕ is an Orlicz function

Child protection policy: Understanding drivers of violence affecting children in Côte d’Ivoire

Motivation: Since the campaign launched by UNICEF in 2013, the momentum for measuring violence has grown significantly. Such studies generally measure risk and protective factors at the individual and interpersonal levels, but often overlook the critical institutional and structural drivers of violence. Purpose: This article demonstrates how socioeconomic transformations, including “modern” forms of violence fuelled by social fragmentation, armed conflict and urbanization, are important conditions favouring violence against children. Approach and methods: The article offers a systematic literature review following protocols in the original Multi-Country Study on the Drivers of Violence Affecting Children, an approach first proposed by the UNICEF Office of Research - Innocenti. Findings: We underline two main changes among the drivers of violence in Côte d’Ivoire: economic crisis and urbanization, which combine to foster a climate of violence; and politico-military crisis, which also creates a fertile ground for violence and its acceptance. Policy implications: Child protection policy in Côte d’Ivoire is out of step with the evolution of the social context. It is mainly oriented towards “traditional” practices, which contrast with newer forms of violence developed over the past 30 years. The article shows that the country’s child protection policy does not take these changes sufficiently into account, and argues for policy change. © The Authors 2021. Development Policy Review © 2021 Overseas Development Institut