JPEG2000-Based Semantic Image Compression using CNN

Some of the computer vision applications such as understanding, recognition as well as image processing are some areas where AI techniques like convolutional neural network (CNN) have attained great success. AI techniques are not very frequently used in applications like image compression which are a part of low-level vision applications. Intensifying the visual quality of the lossy video/image compression has been a huge obstacle for a very long time. Image processing tasks and image recognition can be addressed with the application of deep learning CNNs as a result of the availability of large training datasets and the recent advances in computing power. This paper consists of a CNN-based novel compression framework comprising of Compact CNN (ComCNN) and Reconstruction CNN (RecCNN) where they are trained concurrently and ideally consolidated into a compression framework, along with MS-ROI (Multi Structure-Region of Interest) mapping which highlights the semiotically notable portions of the image. The framework attains a mean PSNR value of 32.9dB, achieving a gain of 3.52dB and attains mean SSIM value of 0.9262, achieving a gain of 0.0723dB over the other methods when compared using the 6 main test images. Experimental results in the proposed study validate that the architecture substantially surpasses image compression frameworks, that utilized deblocking or denoising post- processing techniques, classified utilizing Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Structural Similarity Index Measures (SSIM) with a mean PSNR, SSIM and Compression Ratio of 38.45, 0.9602 and 1.75x respectively for the 50 test images, thus obtaining state-of-art performance for Quality Factor (QF)=5

A Study on Waste Disposal Management and Recommendation for Safe Disposal

By conducting awareness campaigns, putting safety measures in place, and collaborating with a specialist to remove medical wastes properly, you can do your bit to reduce the hazards associated with improperly managing these wastes. To protect your facilities and personnel, handling biohazardous waste disposal is crucial. Suppose a biohazardous waste container such as a sharps container or a hazardous waste container is not properly disposed of. In that case, it might seriously endanger the safety of both personnel and guests. Biohazardous waste management may also involve transporting biohazardous items to a designated area for safe disposal. Safe ecosystems and healthy populations depend on effective biomedical waste treatment. The opinions on BMWM, laws, customs, and treatment methods now in use across the world are reviewed in this article. The best-case scenario would be for B7 yMWM to be the focus of a national plan with specialised infrastructure, cradle-to-grave laws, an effective regulatory body, and trained employees

Is a composite reference standard (CRS) an alternative to culture in assessment and validation of a single tube nested in-house PCR for TB diagnosis?

Introduction: Delay in diagnosis of paucibacillary extra pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and of smear negative TB has hampered the efforts taken by Control Programs to curb its spread. Better efforts to control spread of TB require more accurate and rapid diagnostic test. Aims: To facilitate early diagnosis of TB directly from clinical specimens, we have standardized and validated the use of a single tube in-house nested PCR in comparison against culture and composite reference standard (CRS). Methods: Single tube nested PCR was performed using primers targeting Insertion Sequence (IS) 6110 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Microbiological techniques includes AFB smear microscopy, and cultivation on solid egg-based medium (Löwenstein–Jensen [LJ]) and on liquid culture medium using BACTEC MGIT 960 system, BD Microbiology Systems. Results: The sensitivity and specificity of PCR against culture was observed to be 89.7% [95% CI: 84.1–93.5] and 73.1% [95% CI: 67.4–78.1] respectively and that against CRS criteria was 80.2% [95% CI: 75.1–84.5] and 97.1% [95% CI: 92.9–98.9] respectively. PCR showed 100% [111/111, 95% CI: 97–100] sensitivity for smear positive specimens. For smear negative specimens sensitivity and specificity of PCR against culture was observed to be 78.4% [69/88, 95% CI: 68.4–86.5] and 77.3% [204/264, 95% CI: 71.7–82.2] respectively and that against CRS was 68.1% [124/182, 95% CI: 60.8–74.8] and 97.1% [165/170, 95% CI: 93.3–99] respectively. Conclusion: CRS criteria were observed to be better than culture for assessing the diagnostic accuracy of PCR test

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Osteoarticular tuberculosis – diagnostic solutions in a disease endemi

Prospective Comparison of Eubacterial PCR and Measurement of Procalcitonin Levels with Blood Culture for Diagnosing Septicemia in Intensive Care Unit Patients▿

Rapid identification of infection has a major impact on the clinical course, management, and outcome of critically ill intensive care unit (ICU) patients. We compared the results of PCR and procalcitonin with blood culture for ICU patients suspected of having septicemia. Ninety patients (60 patients meeting the criteria for sepsis and 30 patients not meeting the criteria for sepsis) were evaluated. Compared with blood culture as the gold standard, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for PCR were 100%, 43.33%, 46.87%, and 100%, respectively, and for procalcitonin were 100%, 61.66%, 56.6%, and 100%, respectively. The average times required to produce a final result were as follows: PCR, 10 h; blood culture, 33 h; procalcitonin, 45 min. Both PCR and procalcitonin may be useful as rapid tests for detecting septicemia but compared with blood cultures lacked specificity