Genetic Characterization of Physical Activity Behaviours in University Students Enrolled in Kinesiology Degree Programs

Studies of physical activity behaviours have increasingly shown the importance of heritable factors such as genetic variation. Non-synonymous polymorphisms of alpha-actinin 3 (ACTN3) and the β-adrenergic receptors 1 and 3 (ADRB) have been previously associated with exercise capacity and cardiometabolic health. We thus hypothesized that these polymorphisms are also related to physical activity behaviors in young adults. To test this hypothesis we examined relationships between ACTN3 (R577X), ARDB1 (Arg389Gly) and ADRB3 (Trp64Arg), and physical activity behaviors in university students. We stratified for student enrollment in kinesiology degree programs compared to non-majors as we previously found this to be a predictor of physical activity. We did not identify novel associations between physical activity and ACTN3. However, the minor alleles of ADRB1 and ADRB3 were significantly underrepresented in kinesiology students compared to non-majors. Furthermore, carriers of the ADRB1 minor allele reported reduced participation in moderate physical activity and increased afternoon fatigue compared to ancestral allele homozygotes. Together, these findings suggest that the heritability of physical activity behaviours in young adults may be linked to non-synonymous polymorphisms within β-adrenergic receptors.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author

Convergence : mensuel de la solidarité / Secours populaire français ; dir. publ. Julien Lauprêtre ; réd. Antonio Garcia, Valmont Ponceau

janvier 19861986/01 (N47)-1986/01.Appartient à l’ensemble documentaire : UnivJeun

Genetic characterization of physical activity behaviours in university students enrolled in kinesiology degree programs

© 2017, Canadian Science Publishing. All rights reserved. Studies of physical activity behaviours have increasingly shown the importance of heritable factors such as genetic variation. Nonsynonymous polymorphisms of alpha-actinin 3 (ACTN3) and the β-adrenergic receptors 1 and 3 (ADRB1 and ADRB3) have been previously associated with exercise capacity and cardiometabolic health. We thus hypothesized that these polymorphisms are also related to physical activity behaviours in young adults. To test this hypothesis we examined relationships between ACTN3 (R577X), ARDB1 (Arg389Gly), ADRB3 (Trp64Arg), and physical activity behaviours in university students. We stratified for student enrollment in kinesiology degree programs compared with nonmajors as we previously found this to be a predictor of physical activity. We did not identify novel associations between physical activity and ACTN3. However, the minor alleles of ADRB1 and ADRB3 were significantly underrepresented in kinesiology students compared with nonmajors. Furthermore, carriers of the ADRB1 minor allele reported reduced participation in moderate physical activity and increased afternoon fatigue compared with ancestral allele homozygotes. Together, these findings suggest that the heritability of physical activity behaviours in young adults may be linked to nonsynonymous polymorphisms within β-adrenergic receptors

Significant associations between all <i>ACTN3</i> genotypes.

<p>Shown are adjusted mean values ± SEM for significant traits where * and ** denote significant differences (p<0.05) between mean genotype values identified by post-hoc analysis.</p><p>Significant associations between all <i>ACTN3</i> genotypes.</p

Heatmap and hierarchical clustering of significantly different metabolites stratified by <i>ACTN3</i> RR vs XX genotype.

<p>Yellow blocks represent high concentrations; blue blocks represent low concentrations; black blocks represent medium concentrations.</p

The expression of alpha-actinin-3 in human skeletal muscle and pulmonary artery smooth muscle.

<p>Shown are <b>A)</b> A rabbit polyclonal alpha-actinin 3 antibody probed against skeletal muscle samples from <i>ACTN3</i> RR577 and 577XX individuals from the STRRIDE Study [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0130644#pone.0130644.ref030" target="_blank">30</a>]. <b>B</b>) This same antibody probed against human smooth muscle (SM) cell panel. Each lane contains 50 ug of protein extract, which were stripped and reprobed with a beta-actin antibody as a loading control.</p

Pearson correlation matrix of 18 cardiometabolic and anthropometric variables in the University of Calgary AIMMY cohort.

<p>Positive r values are in red and negative values are in blue.</p

Association between <i>ACTN3</i> genotype and cardiometabolic traits.

<p>Shown are <i>ACTN3</i> genotype effect p-values for each anthropometric, cardiometabolic, fitness and strength variable measured in the University of Calgary AIMMY cohort.</p><p>* p-values < 0.05</p><p>Association between <i>ACTN3</i> genotype and cardiometabolic traits.</p