POVEĆANJE IZOLACIJSKIH SVOJSTAVA FILTARSKIH RESPIRATORA ZA ZAŠTITU DIŠNIH ORGANA RUDARA OD PRAŠINE

To increase the insulating properties of elastomeric half-masks, it is suggested to perforate the obturator in the area of the nasal bridge, chin and cheeks, which allows for adjustment in its size, thus preventing the occurrence of wrinkles on the user’s face in the areas which are the individual features of a particular user’s face. Three versions of the perforated filter respirator obturator have been proposed: in the first, the holes are made along the entire perimeter of the obturator; in the second, the holes are only in the area of the cheeks and nasal bridge; in the third, incisions with a diameter of 5 mm are made in the area of the nasal bridge and cheeks. The result of modelling a set of alternative solutions taking into account the coefficient of protection of filter respirator half-masks, the distribution of compressive forces, which are determined in the environment of the packages “ANSYS” and “Solid works”, has been obtained on the basis of main indicators of the proposed models. To make a decision on choosing the best model, the mass of the elastomeric half mask, its dimensions and the complexity of the design were additionally considered. On the basis of expert evaluation, according to the described procedure for determining the utility function of the factors from their values, it has been defined that the second model of the half-mask is characterized by the best parameters. Conducted laboratory studies to determine the aerosol absorption coefficient by the obturation line showed the lowest indicator in the second option.Kako bi se povećala izolacijska svojstva elastomernih polumaski, predlaže se perforacija brtve u području hrpta nosa, brade i obraza, što omogućuje promjenu njezine veličine i sprječava pojavu bora na licu korisnika na mjestima gdje su specifične značajke lica određenoga korisnika. Predložene su tri inačice perforiranih brtvi filtarskoga respiratora: u prvoj su rupe napravljene po cijelome obodu brtve, u drugome su rupe samo u području obraza i nosnoga mosta, a u trećemu se rade rezovi promjera 5 mm u području nosnoga hrpta i obraza. Alternativna rješenja razvijena su temeljem glavnih pokazatelja dobivenih modeliranjem u programskim paketima „ANSYS” i „Solid works”, uzimajući u obzir koeficijent zaštite filtarskoga respiratora polumaski, raspodjelu tlačnih sila. Za donošenje odluke o odabiru najboljega modela dodatno su u obzir uzeti: masa elastomerne polumaske, njezine dimenzije i složenost dizajna. Na temelju ekspertne ocjene, prema opisanome postupku određivanja funkcije korisnosti faktora iz njihovih vrijednosti, utvrđeno je da drugi model polumaske karakteriziraju najbolji parametri. Provedene laboratorijske studije za određivanje koeficijenta apsorpcije aerosola linijom začepljenja pokazale su najniže vrijednosti u drugoj inačici

Підвищення результативності роботи системи управління охороною праці на промисловому підприємстві

Мета роботи: дослідження впливу помилок і невідповідностей на результативність управління Системою охорони праці в умовах промислового підприємства. Метод: застосовується метод - “Functional Resonance Analysis Method” (метод аналізу функціонального резонансу, далі - метод “FRAM”). Теоретична цінність дослідження: визначені основні функції Системи охорони праці на промисловому підприємстві, які залежать від аналізу умов праці, обґрунтування показників результативності, перевірки адекватності та особливостей оцінки професійних ризиків з урахуванням вхідних даних, часу виробничого процесу, можливих передумов, необхідних ресурсів і відповідного рівня контролю. Запропоновано для опису мінливості функцій розглянути чотири сценарії розвитку подій, виходячи зі своєчасного і точного їх виконання, що дало змогу представити можливі помилки в Системі охорони праці та їх наслідки для ефективності захисту працівника з огляду на розвиток декількох можливих як позитивних, так і негативних результатів її виконання. Розглянуті можливі причини погіршення ефективності Системи охорони праці, викликані помилками та продиктовані мінливістю функцій, що дозволило обґрунтувати кроки для зменшення ймовірність виникнення професійних ризиків. Практична цінність дослідження: запропоновано шкали для визначення мінливості процедур, своєчасності їх виконання та оцінювання результативності Системи управління охороною праці на промисловому підприємстві. Цінність дослідження: запропоновано визначати результативність управління Системою управління охороною праці на промисловому підприємстві як добуток якості виконання процедури з урахуванням вхідних аспектів (наявності контролю, ресурсів і передумов) з їх мінливістю та своєчасністю виконання. Тип статті: практичний

Оцінка професійних ризиків водія технологічного вантажного автомобіля для умов лісового господарства

Мета роботи: удосконалення процесу з визначення рівня професійного ризику водія технологічного вантажного автомобіля, шляхом визначення взаємозв’язків між різними зовнішніми і внутрішніми небезпечними чинниками, які підвищують вірогідність настання незвичайної події під час виконання виробничої діяльності. Метод: застосовувався метод fuzzy “Decision Making Trial and Evaluation” (fuzzy Dematel). Теоретична цінність дослідження: визначено тридцять небезпечних чинників, що можуть призвести до порушення опорно-рухового апарату водія технологічного вантажного автомобіля під час виконання трудових зобов’язань на підприємствах лісного господарства. Визначено найбільш впливові небезпечні чинники нечітким методом “fuzzy DEMATEL”, які мають найбільш вплив на настання небезпечної події, що пов’язання з роботою водія технологічного вантажного автомобіля. Практична цінність дослідження: встановлено причино-наслідковий взаємозв’язок між визначеними небезпечними чинниками, які впливають на роботу водія технологічного вантажного автомобіля під час виконання професійної діяльності, що дозволяє ідентифікувати причинні та наслідкові небезпечні чинники. Цінність дослідження: розроблено алгоритм оцінки професійних ризиків з урахуванням

Logistical risks investigation of transport project of oversized and heavy cargo freight road transportation (wind generator rotor blade)

В роботі обґрунтовано заходи з усунення логістичних ризиків транспортного проекту перевезень негабаритного і великовагового вантажу автомобільним транспортом.The paper substantiates measures to eliminate the logistical risks of the transport project of transportation of oversized and heavy cargo by road

Improvement of the procedure of new filter masks development

The purpose is to substantiate theoretically the design of elastomeric half mask and canister of respirator of long-term protection. To develop the models for theoretical calculations of protective properties of dust masks the theory of non-stationary filtration and hydro aerodynamics was applied. To develop the digital model of a head the downhill simplex method was applied reflecting separate face features considering sex or age; to determine the halfmask surface the free energy equation for bowed plate being described by two-dimension spline surface was used with its unknown coefficients determined by method of proportional parts based on three-dimension coordinates of anthropometric face features. The main anthropometric face features influencing halfmasks design were determined to develop polygonous 3D model of head. According to its determined basic coordinates the surface of halfmask was determined using method of interpolation. Considering the mathematical model describing the movement of dust flows near a halfmask and in canister the dependences of distribution of air flow speed in a canister of variable geometry were set and kinematic parameters of dust-laden airflow according to a canister volume were determined. Reasonable geometric parameters of canister were determined; transient modulation from filter to inlet valve hole is performed as a contractor

Improving Safety of Passenger Road Transportation

The objective is to increase the passenger road transportation safety by developing an improved model of the transport process with minimal risks of incidents. The Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM) was used to determine the factors influencing the reliability of transportation, which is based on the study of the functions of the process of passenger road transportation based on six different aspects: time, control, output, resource, prerequisites, and input. It was clarified that the main reason for violation of traffic rules by drivers of passenger buses is the psycho-physiological state of the driver, which depends on the experience, duration of the work shift, duration of operation of the passenger bus, speed of movement, stress load. The most important criteria among those mentioned are professional work experience and speed of movement of a passenger bus. It is the combination of these criteria with the time of execution of a production task without the introduction of appropriate control over it that leads to a high probability of an incident. In addition, the human factor, directly the specialists' professional experience (the transportation organization manager, the mechanic checking a passenger bus before starting work, doctor, driver), also significantly affects the safety of the transportation process. The analysis of the causes of road traffic incidents confirmed the close connection between the probability of an undesirable event and human error, and the strengthening of control over the psycho-physiological state of the driver increases the reliability of passenger road transportation and reduces the probability of failures in the performance of transport work. The originality of the research lies in the established relationship between functions and criteria that have an impact on the safety of the transport process, which makes it possible to assess the level of reliability of the performance of the assigned task within the specified time; the practical significance lies in the quantitative assessment of these criteria and the provision of recommendations for monitoring the psycho-physiological state of the driver at all stages of the process of passenger road transportation

Improvement of the procedure of new filter masks development

The purpose is to substantiate theoretically the design of elastomeric half mask and canister of respirator of long-term protection. To develop the models for theoretical calculations of protective properties of dust masks the theory of non-stationary filtration and hydro aerodynamics was applied. To develop the digital model of a head the downhill simplex method was applied reflecting separate face features considering sex or age; to determine the halfmask surface the free energy equation for bowed plate being described by two-dimension spline surface was used with its unknown coefficients determined by method of proportional parts based on three-dimension coordinates of anthropometric face features. The main anthropometric face features influencing halfmasks design were determined to develop polygonous 3D model of head. According to its determined basic coordinates the surface of halfmask was determined using method of interpolation. Considering the mathematical model describing the movement of dust flows near a halfmask and in canister the dependences of distribution of air flow speed in a canister of variable geometry were set and kinematic parameters of dust-laden airflow according to a canister volume were determined. Reasonable geometric parameters of canister were determined; transient modulation from filter to inlet valve hole is performed as a contractor

Improvement of the design of the motorized filter respirator

Working conditions, in terms of hygiene, harmful impurities in the air of the working area, often do not meet regulatory requirements. In such cases, motorized filter respirators are used to protect respiratory organs, which require the development of an appropriate system for managing operational indicators for effective operation. The purpose of the article was to improve the control system of a motorized filter respirator to increase protective efficiency, due to the development of a new parametric scheme of the control object, taking into account the functional relationships between the operating mode, air flow, filter resistance and the term of protective action. To create an appropriate control system, a structural-parametric synthesis of operational indicators management was applied, based on the relationships between the main variables (outgoing regulated variables, controlling influences and disturbances). A new working diagram of the control object with selected design elements of the blower has been developed, the main difference of which is the use of the “Arduino Uno R3” board, the “LCD Keypad Shield” module with a two-line display for controlling the air flow modes, in accordance with the change of the filter resistance taking into account the accumulation dust deposit based on the assumption that the transfer function can be represented by an aperiodic link of the 1st order with sufficient accuracy for practice. To work out the operating modes and determine the duration of the protective effect, a software model of the operation of the motorized filter respirator was created, which made it possible to evaluate the influence of the dust concentration on the change in air flow through the filter elements, taking into account the accumulation of dust sediment on the protective effectiveness. Recommendations have been developed to ensure the effective functioning of the protective device in accordance with the requirements under the most unfavorable conditions. The practical value of the work lies in the fact that the modes of movement of the air flow are determined, in accordance with the speed of rotation of the fan blade from the width of the PWM pulses, which depend on the resistance of the filter, the accumulation of dust deposits based on the transfer functio

Improving the risk management process in quality management systems of higher education

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to improve the risk management process in the quality management system of higher education, taking into account the hazardous factors that increase the probability of occurrence and severity of consequences of undesirable events, as well as favorable factors that reduce the probability of occurrence and severity of consequences of hazardous events. The basis of risk management in the quality management systems of higher education institutions is the “Bowtie” method, which involves six main steps of identifying inconsistency, determining the impact of hazardous and favorable factors according to the impact group, ranking hazardous and favorable factors, calculating risk, substantiating precautionary measures and checking calculations. To rank hazardous and favorable factors, the authors used the “Decision Making Trial and Evaluation” method (hereinafter—DE-MATEL), which is based on paired comparison and decision-making tools based on graph theory. An improved process is proposed for risk assessment, which differs from the known ones by the presence of the identification of the cause-and-effect relationship “hazard (inconsistency)-hazardous event-consequences”, identification of hazardous and favorable factors of the internal and external environment that affect the probability and/or the degree of severity of a hazardous event—the appearance of an inconsistency, which is carried out after the inconsistency has been determined; determination of causal hazardous and favorable factors by an acceptable method. Registers of inconsistencies (hazards), hazardous and favorable factors have been developed and proposed based on the requirements for accreditation of educational programs and the international standard ISO 9001:2015, which will allow, based on a risk-oriented approach, to provide a basis for setting the goals of a higher education institution under martial law in order to guarantee effective implementation of the mission and strategy. They are proposed for decision-making in the quality management systems of educational organizations on the substantiation of precautionary or corrective measures based on ranking the risks from identified inconsistencies, which are determined taking into account the impact of the entire set of identified significant hazardous and favorable factors. The value of this paper is to improve the quality risk management process in educational organizations, taking into account the impact of hazardous and favorable factors, and to develop an appropriate step-by-step algorithm of actions and a risk assessment form