20 research outputs found
Caterpillars and fungal pathogens: two co-occurring parasites of an ant-plant mutualism
In mutualisms, each interacting species obtains resources from its partner that it would obtain less efficiently if alone, and so derives a net fitness benefit. In exchange for shelter (domatia) and food, mutualistic plant-ants protect their host myrmecophytes from herbivores, encroaching vines and fungal pathogens. Although selective filters enable myrmecophytes to host those ant species most favorable to their fitness, some insects can by-pass these filters, exploiting the rewards supplied whilst providing nothing in return. This is the case in French Guiana for Cecropia obtusa (Cecropiaceae) as Pseudocabima guianalis caterpillars (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) can colonize saplings before the installation of their mutualistic Azteca ants. The caterpillars shelter in the domatia and feed on food bodies (FBs) whose production increases as a result. They delay colonization by ants by weaving a silk shield above the youngest trichilium, where the FBs are produced, blocking access to them. This probable temporal priority effect also allows female moths to lay new eggs on trees that already shelter caterpillars, and so to occupy the niche longer and exploit Cecropia resources before colonization by ants. However, once incipient ant colonies are able to develop, they prevent further colonization by the caterpillars. Although no higher herbivory rates were noted, these caterpillars are ineffective in protecting their host trees from a pathogenic fungus, Fusarium moniliforme (Deuteromycetes), that develops on the trichilium in the absence of mutualistic ants. Therefore, the Cecropia treelets can be parasitized by two often overlooked species: the caterpillars that shelter in the domatia and feed on FBs, delaying colonization by mutualistic ants, and the fungal pathogen that develops on old trichilia. The cost of greater FB production plus the presence of the pathogenic fungus likely affect tree growth
Update of the French aerial abundance index of abundance for 2021
The French aerial survey over the Gulf of Lions provides an important fisheries independent index for the stock assessment of Eastern Atlantic Bluefin Tuna (EABFT, Thunnus thynnus). The present manuscript reminds the methodology employed for the survey and provides the update of the index for the year 2021 that displays a slight decrease compared to 2020, which was the highest year to date, but remains the 3rd highest value thus confirming the upward trend of the recent yearsLa prospection aĂ©rienne française dans le golfe du Lion fournit un important indice indĂ©pendant des pĂȘcheries pour l'Ă©valuation du stock de thon rouge de l'Atlantique Est (EABFT, Thunnus thynnus). Le prĂ©sent document rappelle la mĂ©thodologie employĂ©e pour rĂ©aliser la prospection et fournit la mise Ă jour de l'indice pour l'annĂ©e 2021 qui affiche une lĂ©gĂšre baisse par rapport Ă 2020, qui Ă©tait l'annĂ©e la plus Ă©levĂ©e Ă ce jour, mais reste la troisiĂšme valeur la plus Ă©levĂ©e, confirmant ainsi la tendance Ă la hausse de ces derniĂšres annĂ©es.La prospecciĂłn aĂ©rea francesa en el golfo de LeĂłn proporciona un importante Ăndice independiente de la pesquerĂa para la evaluaciĂłn del stock de atĂșn rojo del AtlĂĄntico este (EABFT, Thunnus thynnus). El presente documento recuerda la metodologĂa empleada para la prospecciĂłn y proporciona la actualizaciĂłn del Ăndice para el año 2021, que muestra un ligero descenso respecto a 2020, que fue el año con el valor mĂĄs elevado hasta la fecha, pero ocupa el tercer puesto en cuanto al valor mĂĄs alto. Lo que confirma la tendencia al alza de los Ășltimos años
Update of the French aerial abundance index for 2020 and first attempt at accounting for the environmental effects on bluefin tuna availability in the Gulf of Lions
The French aerial survey over the Gulf of Lions provides an important fisheries independent index for the stock assessment of Eastern Atlantic Bluefin Tuna (EABFT, Thunnus thynnus). This document presents the 2020 update of this index. Building on recent results highlighting environmentally-driven changes in the availability of young Bluefin tuna in the Gulf of Lions, we propose a modeling approach designed to account for it and we describe how this attempt could be improved in the future. The results suggest that the index obtained from the Bayesian model accounting for wind should be used. The overall results of the survey analysis across all approaches show that 2020 was the year with the highest abundance of bluefin tuna within the Gulf of Lions to date.La prospection aĂ©rienne française dans le golfe du Lion fournit un important indice indĂ©pendant des pĂȘcheries pour l'Ă©valuation du stock de thon rouge de l'Atlantique Est (EABFT, Thunnus thynnus). Ce document prĂ©sente la mise Ă jour 2020 de cet indice. En nous appuyant sur des rĂ©sultats rĂ©cents mettant en Ă©vidence des changements d'origine environnementale dans la disponibilitĂ© des jeunes thons rouges dans le golfe du Lion, nous proposons une approche de modĂ©lisation conçue pour en tenir compte et nous dĂ©crivons comment cette tentative pourrait ĂȘtre amĂ©liorĂ©e Ă l'avenir. Les rĂ©sultats suggĂšrent que l'indice obtenu Ă partir du modĂšle bayĂ©sien tenant compte du vent devrait ĂȘtre utilisĂ©. Les rĂ©sultats globaux de l'analyse de la prospection, toutes approches confondues, montrent que 2020 a Ă©tĂ© l'annĂ©e oĂč l'abondance de thon rouge dans le golfe du Lion a Ă©tĂ© la plus Ă©levĂ©e Ă ce jour.La prospecciĂłn aĂ©rea francesa en el golfo de LeĂłn proporciona un importante Ăndice independiente de la pesquerĂa para la evaluaciĂłn del stock de atĂșn rojo del AtlĂĄntico oriental (EABFT, Thunnus thynnus). Este documento presenta la actualizaciĂłn de 2020 de este Ăndice. BasĂĄndose en resultados recientes que destacan cambios de origen medioambiental en la disponibilidad de atunes rojos jĂłvenes en el golfo de LeĂłn, proponemos un enfoque de modelaciĂłn diseñado para tenerlos en cuenta y describimos cĂłmo podrĂa mejorarse este intento en el futuro. Los resultados sugieren que deberĂa usarse el Ăndice obtenido mediante el modelo Bayesiano que tiene en cuenta el viento. Los resultados globales del anĂĄlisis de la prospecciĂłn entre todos los enfoques demuestran que 2020 fue el año con la mayor abundancia de atĂșn rojo en el golfo de LeĂłn hasta la fecha
Secteurs statistiques des Antilles
Le SIH, SystĂšme d'Informations Haliteutiques, Ă©dite des cartes des secteurs de pĂȘche. Les secteurs rĂšglementaires sont complĂ©tĂ©s par ceux du rĂ©fĂ©rentiel des secteurs de l'Ifremer
The environment drives Atlantic bluefin tuna availability in the Gulf of Lions
Atlantic bluefin tuna (ABFT) is a migratory species whose exploitation is affected by its migratory behaviour. ABFT can be found the whole year round in the Gulf of Lions (GoL), with the exception of the May/June/July spawning season. The date at which ABFT fishing resumes in the GoL after spawning is variable and affects both the summer longline fishery and the local aerial survey used to derive a fisheriesâindependent index of abundance used in the stock assessment. We investigated whether environmental conditions could explain interâannual variability in ABFT availability in the GoL. We focused on Sea surface temperature (SST) and northern wind events looking at changes in the ABFT summer longline fishery start date and quota completion date. Years with weaker northern wind events displayed a higher SST and were associated with a delay in ABFT catch by up to more than one month, whereas the bulk of the catch was completed earlier. A scaleâdependent analysis of the densities of ABFT schools detected during the aerial survey show consistent associations between the shortâterm fluctuations in northern wind and SST and the densities of ABFT schools detected. When considering the trends these effects appeared reversed, higher SST and weaker northern wind being associated with an increase in ABFT school density. The implication of these results on the aerial survey and for the exploitation and conservation of ABFT are discussed in the light of the literature on its migratory behaviour in the context of climate change
First longâterm trajectory of an ocean sunfish (Mola mola L.) from the northwestern Mediterranean
The ocean sunfish is a large fish for which many aspects of its ecology and biology are still poorly known. Electronic tagging was used to provide the first information on the movements of an ocean sunfish from the northwestern Mediterranean. The sunfish moved towards the Gibraltar strait over the year and displayed substantial movements in the water column. The potential of the tagging technique employed for studying its behavior and longâterm migratory dynamics, and assessing the postârelease survival of ocean sunfish is highlighted
Residency, home range and inter-annual fidelity of three coastal fish species in a Mediterranean coastal lagoon
International audienceIn the Gulf of Lion (NW Mediterranean), fish species such as gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata, European seabass Dicentrarchus labrax, and salema Sarpa salpa show seasonal occupation of coastal lagoons, presumably as feeding grounds during their adult life stage. The role of the lagoons in these species; life cycles remains unknown, particularly with respect to their residency, space-use, and inter-annual fidelity. Using acoustic telemetry, the movements of 72 seabream, 58 seabass, and 81 salema were monitored over four years within PrĂ©vost Lagoon (HĂ©rault Department, Occitania Region), to characterise (1) the main seasonal patterns of space use inside the lagoon and (2) their annual migrations between the lagoon and the sea. Overall, all three species were highly resident in the lagoon during the spring/summer foraging season; seabass was the only species that also displayed high residency to the lagoon throughout the winter breeding season. The three species showed differences in their space use, although they all mainly inhabited the deep lagoon centre and adjacent shellfish farms, with very small individual home ranges (meanâŻÂ±âŻSD, 0.12âŻÂ±âŻ0.06 km2 over all species). All species showed some inter-annual fidelity to the lagoon (>43% at minimum for seabream) although these fidelity rates were probably underestimated due to fishing mortality, which is probably high during the winter breeding season. Overall, this study reveals that coastal lagoons are key foraging habitats for these species in the Gulf of Lion. The high residency and inter-annual fidelity suggest that any increase of anthropogenic pressure within the lagoon could negatively impact these fish populations. Therefore, protection of such productive habitats could be beneficial for long-term management of emblematic coastal species and the fisheries that they support
SynthĂšse 2017 de lâobservation des efforts et dĂ©barquements des pĂȘcheries cĂŽtiĂšres. Estimation des efforts de pĂȘche et des productions dans les rĂ©gions MĂ©diterranĂ©e continentale, La RĂ©union, Martinique, Guadeloupe et Guyane pour les navires de moins de 12m.
Le programme dâobservation des marĂ©es au dĂ©barquement, appelĂ© « ObsDEB », contribue Ă lâestimation de lâeffort de pĂȘche et des captures des flottes de pĂȘche françaises. Il vise tout particuliĂšrement les flottilles de petite pĂȘche cĂŽtiĂšre et procĂšde Ă la collecte des informations requises selon un plan dâĂ©chantillonnage adaptĂ© Ă chaque rĂ©gion suivie. Ce rapport est le Rapport annuel de Convention DPMA-Ifremer 2017 et prĂ©sente les estimations 2017 des efforts de pĂȘche et des productions dans les rĂ©gions MĂ©diterranĂ©e continentale, La RĂ©union, Martinique, Guadeloupe et Guyane
Electronic tagging of Bluefin Tunas from the Maltese spawning ground suggests size-dependent migration dynamics
International audienceThe purse seine fishery in the Mediterranean represents about 60% of the international catch for Atlantic Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus thynnus). Yet, tagging operations from this segment of the fisheries remain rare and despite its potential importance for management, several aspects related to the migratory behavior of Atlantic Bluefin Tuna from these areas remain unaddressed. In the present manuscript, we report the results of two tagging operations carried out on a commercial purse seiner during two consecutive years in the spawning ground around the Maltese islands in the Central Mediterranean Sea. During these operations, eight individuals were tagged and the results showed that the larger fish (> 200 cm) undertook large-scale migrations outside the Mediterranean, whereas smaller individuals did not. This study suggests that size might affect the migratory behavior of Atlantic Bluefin Tuna, and underlines the potential of large-scale tagging operations from spawning grounds to address scientific questions having significant management implications
Situation de la pĂȘche en Martinique en 2017
Le prĂ©sent document est une restitution globale des donnĂ©es disponibles au sein du SIH sur les navires de pĂȘche français, et en particulier : âą le fichier « Flotte de PĂȘche Communautaire » (FPC), qui rĂ©fĂ©rence l'ensemble des navires de pĂȘche professionnelle de la flotte française et leurs caractĂ©ristiques techniques (source : DPMA) ; âą les donnĂ©es du flux dĂ©claratif, c'est-Ă -dire les dĂ©clarations de captures et d'effort de pĂȘche des pĂȘcheurs professionnels, issues des journaux de bord pour les navires de 10 mĂštres et plus et des fiches de pĂȘche pour les navires de moins de 10 mĂštres (source : DPMA) ; âą les donnĂ©es de ventes (essentiellement des ventes en criĂ©e) des navires de pĂȘche professionnelle (source : DPMA) ; âą les donnĂ©es d'enquĂȘtes « ActivitĂ© » rĂ©alisĂ©es chaque annĂ©e par le rĂ©seau des observateurs du SIH pour l'ensemble des navires inscrits au fichier Flotte de PĂȘche Communautaire : ces enquĂȘtes visent Ă reconstituer le calendrier d'activitĂ© des navires, sur une base mensuelle, Ă partir du flux dĂ©claratif (journaux de bord, fiches de pĂȘche et donnĂ©es de vente en criĂ©e) quand il existe, et au moyen d'enquĂȘtes directes auprĂšs des armateurs de ces navires et de leurs reprĂ©sentants professionnels. Chaque mois, le calendrier d'activitĂ© prĂ©cise si le navire a Ă©tĂ© actif Ă la pĂȘche, et si oui, les diffĂ©rents mĂ©tiers pratiquĂ©s. Par «mĂ©tier», on entend la mise en oeuvre d'un engin de pĂȘche afin de capturer une ou plusieurs espĂšces cibles dans une zone de pĂȘche donnĂ©e (source : Ifremer - DPMA) ; âą Les donnĂ©es d'observation des marĂ©es au dĂ©barquement permettent sur la base d'un plan d'Ă©chantillonnage de connaĂźtre les mĂ©tiers pratiquĂ©s et reconstituer le dĂ©roulement de la marĂ©e (mĂ©tiers, effort de pĂȘche, captures et coĂ»ts associĂ©s) et de mesurer tout ou partie des captures de certaines espĂšces commerciales. Les donnĂ©es collectĂ©es ont bĂ©nĂ©ficiĂ© d'un cofinancement de l'Union EuropĂ©enne et de la DPMA. Ce document correspond Ă un premier traitement des donnĂ©es de l'annĂ©e de rĂ©fĂ©rence, et ne prĂ©tend pas rendre compte de l'ensemble des donnĂ©es disponibles. Les indicateurs prĂ©sentĂ©s portent sur une photographie de la flotte de pĂȘche en 2017 : ils synthĂ©tisent ainsi l'ensemble des donnĂ©es 2017 des navires prĂ©sents sur la rĂ©gion Martinique. NB : La totalitĂ© de leur activitĂ© de l'annĂ©e est prise en compte, y compris lorsque le navire a passĂ© une partie de l'annĂ©e sur un autre secteur. Ceci peut expliquer la prĂ©sence, dans cette fiche, de mĂ©tiers, d'engins, d'espĂšces ou de ports d'exploitation que l'on ne rencontre gĂ©nĂ©ralement pas sur le secteur de la rĂ©gion Martinique