Comparison of the associations of biochemically measured and genetically instrumented 25-nmol/l higher plasma 25(OH)D concentrations with risk of diabetes.

<p>*The full details of the adjustments in the observational analyses are provided in <a href="http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002566#pmed.1002566.s011" target="_blank">S3 Table</a>. Other symbols and conventions as in <a href="http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002566#pmed.1002566.g001" target="_blank">Fig 1</a>. 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; CKB, China Kadoorie Biobank.</p

Association of genetic score using synthesis SNPs for 25(OH)D concentration with risk of diabetes in a meta-analysis of all studies per 25-nmol/l higher genetically instrumented 25(OH)D concentration.

<p>Values shown are the odds ratios (95% CIs) per 25-nmol/l higher 25(OH)D concentration among studies stratified by latitude into northern (>50°) or southern latitude (≤50°). The area of the squares is proportional to the inverse variance of each effect size. *The effects of all SNPs on risk of diabetes in Chinese and European populations were weighted by their effects on 25(OH)D concentration. 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; CCCS, Cambridgeshire case—control study; CKB, China Kadoorie Biobank; DIAGRAM, Diabetes Genetics Replication and Meta-analysis; UKB, UK Biobank.</p

Association of 25(OH)D SNPs with plasma 25(OH)D concentrations and with cardiometabolic risk factors.

<p>Association of 25(OH)D SNPs with plasma 25(OH)D concentrations and with cardiometabolic risk factors.</p

Selected characteristics for all participants with 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) measured and genetic data in the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB).

<p>Selected characteristics for all participants with 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) measured and genetic data in the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB).</p

Stroke incidence rates over 3 decades by 4 age groups.

<p>Stroke incidence rates over 3 decades by 4 age groups.</p

Annual age-adjusted stroke incidence rates in population-based studies[14,26–32,48–51] carried out in high-income countries in 2000–2014.

<p>Annual age-adjusted stroke incidence rates in population-based studies[<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0134609#pone.0134609.ref014" target="_blank">14</a>,<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0134609#pone.0134609.ref026" target="_blank">26</a>–<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0134609#pone.0134609.ref032" target="_blank">32</a>,<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0134609#pone.0134609.ref048" target="_blank">48</a>–<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0134609#pone.0134609.ref051" target="_blank">51</a>] carried out in high-income countries in 2000–2014.</p

Stroke incidence rates over 3 decades by ethnicity.

<p>Stroke incidence rates over 3 decades by ethnicity.</p

Forest plot of stroke incidence and attack rate ratios (2011–2012 compared with 1981–1982), with rates age-adjusted to the WHO world population.

<p>Forest plot of stroke incidence and attack rate ratios (2011–2012 compared with 1981–1982), with rates age-adjusted to the WHO world population.</p

Crude, age-specific and age-standardised annual stroke mortality rates per 100,000 people in Auckland, New Zealand across four study periods (1981–1982, 1991–1992, 2002–2003 and 2011–2012) by sex and ethnicity.

<p>* 16–64 in 2011–2012,</p><p>^<b>§</b> Age-standardised to WHO world population</p><p>Crude, age-specific and age-standardised annual stroke mortality rates per 100,000 people in Auckland, New Zealand across four study periods (1981–1982, 1991–1992, 2002–2003 and 2011–2012) by sex and ethnicity.</p

Effects of folic acid on major coronary events (nonfatal myocardial infarction or coronary death) in a meta-analysis of the published results of all large randomized trials of homocysteine reduction.

<p>Data for the VITATOPS trial are for myocardial infarction only. Data for FAVORIT are for all cardiovascular disease outcomes. Symbols and conventions as in <a href="http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001177#pmed-1001177-g002" target="_blank">Figure 2</a>.</p