Do Employers Prefer Overqualified Graduates? A Field Experiment

We test whether employers prefer overqualified to adequately qualified job candidates. To this end, duos of fictitious applications by bachelor's and master's graduates are sent to real job openings with a bachelor's degree as a minimum requirement. For the overall sample, we find that overqualified master's graduates are 19 percent more likely to be directly invited for a job interview and 11 percent more likely to get any positive reaction. This relative advantage for overqualified workers is found to be higher for bottleneck occupations. Relative preferences also differ across employers within labor-market segments.status: publishe

Clinical presentation and spectrum of neuroimaging findings in newborn infants with incontinentia pigmenti

AIM: To report on the neurological presentation and neuroimaging findings in newborn infants with incontinentia pigmenti. METHOD: The clinical and neurological course including neuroimaging and follow-up data of eight newborn infants with the neurological phenotype of incontinentia pigmenti were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: While the clinical picture was polymorphic, the neurological manifestations were defined as encephalopathic and comprised lethargy and seizures in all but one of the infants. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities were predominantly in the white matter. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) was obtained during the acute phase in seven of the eight infants, showing restricted diffusion in the deep and subcortical white matter but also in the corpus callosum, basal ganglia, thalami, cerebellum, and cerebral peduncles. Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), performed in five infants, showed a variable amount of signal loss, mainly in the white matter, within areas of restricted diffusion. Extensive MRI abnormalities in newborn infants were followed by abnormal neurodevelopment, with significant motor, cognitive, and/or visual problems. INTERPRETATION: To assess the extent of central nervous system involvement, MRI is recommended in the clinical evaluation of infants with incontinentia pigmenti. They have a characteristic pattern of brain lesions seen on MRI, best recognized using DWI and SWI in the acute neonatal phase, which allow the identification of and distinction between ischaemic and haemorrhagic lesions

Clinical presentation and spectrum of neuroimaging findings in newborn infants with incontinentia pigmenti

AIM: To report on the neurological presentation and neuroimaging findings in newborn infants with incontinentia pigmenti. METHOD: The clinical and neurological course including neuroimaging and follow-up data of eight newborn infants with the neurological phenotype of incontinentia pigmenti were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: While the clinical picture was polymorphic, the neurological manifestations were defined as encephalopathic and comprised lethargy and seizures in all but one of the infants. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities were predominantly in the white matter. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) was obtained during the acute phase in seven of the eight infants, showing restricted diffusion in the deep and subcortical white matter but also in the corpus callosum, basal ganglia, thalami, cerebellum, and cerebral peduncles. Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), performed in five infants, showed a variable amount of signal loss, mainly in the white matter, within areas of restricted diffusion. Extensive MRI abnormalities in newborn infants were followed by abnormal neurodevelopment, with significant motor, cognitive, and/or visual problems. INTERPRETATION: To assess the extent of central nervous system involvement, MRI is recommended in the clinical evaluation of infants with incontinentia pigmenti. They have a characteristic pattern of brain lesions seen on MRI, best recognized using DWI and SWI in the acute neonatal phase, which allow the identification of and distinction between ischaemic and haemorrhagic lesions