Zooplankton as an indicator of river ecological condition

© 2016, International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. All rights reserved.Long-term studies (2013-2015) of Kazanka river ecological state were performed. In order to evaluate the water quality the zooplankton community indicators were used. The physical-chemical indicators of the river Kazanka water were studied. Zooplankton samples were selected and analyzed using standard hydro biological techniques. The quantitative indicators (abundance and biomass) of zooplankton were revealed and biotic indices were calculated. The analysis of zooplankton community structure showed the decline of species diversity during the study period. The values of saprobity index in most cases allowed to include the river into β-mesosaprobic zone (moderately polluted water). Physical and chemical indicators of water demonstrated the river pollution as the result of untreated sewage income of various origin, including storm water runoff from the city. The river pollution in the city makes an impact on the zooplankton community, it causes the decrease of quantity indicators and the decline of species diversity

Study of effectiveness of local regulation policy regarding the implementation of free Area From Tobacco (AFT) policy for reducing of active smoker in West Sumatera in 2013

Background: Area free from tobacco (AFT) policy is the only effective and inexpensive way to protect the public from the dangers of second hand smoke. In West Sumatra there are three cities that have local regulation on this, namely Padang, Panjang Padang, and Payakumbuh, but in reality the policy has not been able to reduce the active smokers. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of AFT policy in reducing smokers active beside its effectiveness to protect the public from the dangers of second hand smoker in West Sumatera. Methods: The study was conducted with the method, a mix of quantitative and qualitative research with explanatory design. Data collection was conducted in the city of Padang, Padang Panjang and Payakumbuh. Quantitative data from 100 persons were collected using a questionnaire, while the qualitative data was collected through in-depth interviews. Informants in each city are representatives of Department of Health, professional organizations, community leaders, smokers and focus group discussions. Some secondary data are obtained through documents review related to the implementation of AFT. The quantitative data is analysed using univariate analysis, and the qualitative data is analysed using content analysis. Results: Based on the quantitative data it can be seen that in three cities in West Sumatera the smoker rate are 59%. In Padang Panjang, the regulation has been proceeded succesfuly due to the commitment of the Mayor and the legislative parlement in implementing the policies that there should not be any tobacco advertising as well as sanctions for smokers, especially for employees who smoke at the office or at school, according to the law no. 8/2009; suf ficient funds are available for socialization and supervision AFT, a total of Rp75.000.000,00 collected from tobbacco fundation and Rp24.000.000,00 from the budget. In Payakumbuh there is also the commitment of the Mayor and the support of the Health Department according to the Regulation of Area Free tobbacco no 15/2011. Establishment of Supervisory Team for AFT with funds allocated for socialization and supervision, a total amount of Rp341.278.129,00. Padang has not yet applying the AFT policy in government offices and schools, only in private sector such as bank. Tobacco advertising still exists and there is no sanction for smokers despite the existing Regulation No. AFF 14/2011 with accompanying funds provided Rp85.000.000,00. The study shows that the majority (60%) public opinion support the implementation of AFT. Some (51%) of the public say that AFT is effective enough to reduce active smoker, over half of respondents thought AFT should apply to a particular location. According to 59% of respondents, smoking in public places should be given sanction. In Padang Panjang there is a monitoring service via SMS and phone to report breach of the regulation so that the Mayor may impose sanctions. In Payakumbuh a similar system exist through reports and spot checks. Violaters of the regulation are given sanction by the mayor. In Padang city, sanctions have not been given. The local government regulation in banning advertising and promotion of cigarettes is implemented in two cities, the city of Padang Panjang and Payakumbuh. Some factors that affect the implementation of AFT are dependent on the commitment and the role of District mayor, as well as the need for community empowerment.. Conclusion: It is concluded that the AFT policy without the commitment and support of all parties to the implementation of AFT difficult. AFT can be effective to protect the second hand smokers and it has potential to reduce active smokers

The concept and methodology of the restoration of small lakes

Based on the global, domestic, and regional experience of the restoration of lake ecosystems, the concept and methodology of the restoration of small freshwater lakes was proposed. Scientific and theoretical foundations, objectives, tasks, principles, and criteria of restoration were determined. The methodology of restoration is based upon the choice of methods depending on the indices of ecological state of water bodies

Communities of zooplankton in lakes in the course of their contamination and restoration

Long-standing investigations were carried out on the example of three model lakes differing in the level of their anthropic load. Based on the data obtained, it has been found that indices of zooplanktonic communities can be used in evaluating changes of the ecological state of lakes after improving their sanitary conditions

Zooplankton community of a small river under abnormal climatic conditions (on the example of the Kazanka river, Russian federation)

© 2015 Begell House, Inc. Global warming is one of the peculiarities of climate changes at the present time. Prolonged periods with abnormally high temperature characterized by the absence of precipitation are responsible for the increase in dissolved solids content and in the degree of contamination. As a consequence, the species richness and numbers of zooplankton decrease, the complex of dominant species and zooplankton structure change, whereas the capability of aquatic ecosystems for self-purification decreases. A gradual restoration of the community is observed during next years. In the small river located within the temperate zone, the period of zooplankton community restoration is about two years

Lake water quality of Kazan city (Russia) Kaban lake in the anthropogenic pollution conditions and improving actions implementation

© Research India Publications. Researches of lake water quality for the Kaban system in Kazan are conducted. Lakes Lower and Mid Kaban in the past were suitable for city water supply, but because of the trade and household sewage intake, by 1970th it became strongly polluted. For the purpose of water quality improvement the project of improvement, according to which the majority of the sewage production earlier dumped to lakes was taken away on treatment facilities, was developed and realized, cleaning was carried out for bottom of lakes L. Kaban and M. Kaban from the polluted ground deposits, the collecting pipe for collecting the emergency sewer waters is constructed, coasts are well arranged. Improvement of water quality turned out to be consequence of the held events. However, the anthropogenic impact remains rather high. The researches of water we conducted in Kaban Lake showed its low quality. In this regard, for each of the studied lakes the main sources of pollution were revealed. On the basis of impact level assessment on lakes and their current state, the set of measures for improvement of water quality is offered

Assessing economic losses of the small river ecosystems and developing of compensation measures within the framework of sports facilities construction

The article describes the basic theoretical principles that underpin the economic calculation of environmental damage in the course of human economic activity. As an example the assessing of the losses from the impact of the construction of sports facilities in the floodplain of a small river. We have calculated the environmental losses arising in the course of preparation and construction activities. Developed compensatory measures that reduce the effects of damage caused by the construction work

Criteria of rehabilitation of biotic communities in oil-polluted small rivers (by example of the Shava River, Nizhnii Novgorod oblast)

© 2014, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. An assessment of the ecological state of the small Shava River (Kstovskii raion, Nizhnii Novgorod oblast) subjected to oil pollution as a result of a pipeline accident in 2007 is presented. On the basis of physical and chemical characteristics of water quality and the results of a study of hydrobiont communities, the degree of the river pollution has been determined and a conclusion about the rehabilitation of communities as a result of the complex effect of recultivation measures and self-purification processes has been made. Criteria for recultivation activity completion have been defined according to hydrobiological indicators (phytoplankton, zooplankton, and zoobenthos)

Strategy of management of city development with using «green» technologies (Kazan City, Russia)

Strategic management of the city should take into account questions related to improving the environment and quality of life. For environmental improvements in Kazan city (Russia) used elements of strategic and tactical management with the introduction of «green» technologies. As instrument developed and successfully implemented municipal program Green record. This program was developed municipalities in collaboration with scientists of Kazan Federal University. Scientific and theoretical foundations of the program are the conception of «ecological carcass (or framework) ». The program is based on the results of studies on the inventory of city green planting. The realization of program has increased the gardening degree from 17 to 23%. Subsequent steps of the program «Green record» will increase the gardening degree and form the elements of structure of the «ecological carcass»