University of Central Florida 1985 Self Study Southern Association of Colleges and Schools: Department of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences Self Study Report

University of Central Florida Department of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences 1985 Self Study final Report for Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. The study covers philosophy of the university and the college, organizational structure, educational program, financial resources, faculty, physical facilities, special activities, graduate programs, research and computers

カクシュ リンサン セリウム ノ セイセイ ニ オヨボス ニョウソ テンカ コウカ

Urea (CO(NH_2)_2) was added in the system of phosphoric acid (H_3PO_4) and cerium carbonate (Ce_2(CO_3)_3・8H_2O), and the system of phosphoric acid and cerium oxide (CeO_2). The thermal behaviors of these dried mixtures were estimated by differential thermal analyses, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier - transform infrared spectroscopy. Furthermore, specific surface area of phosphates was calculated by BET method using nitrogen adsorption. In P/Ce = 1/1, the addition of urea made specific surface area of cerium orthophosphate larger. The formation of tetra-valent cerium phosphates was suppressed by the addition of urea

Estimation of water storage changes in small endorheic lakes in Northern Kazakhstan

Both climate change and anthropogenic activities contribute to the deterioration of terrestrial water resources and ecosystems worldwide, with Central Asia and its endorheic lakes being among the most severely affected. We used a digital elevation model, bathymetry maps and Landsat images to estimate the areal water cover extent and volumetric storage changes for eleven small terminal lakes in Burabay National Nature Park (BNNP) in Northern Kazakhstan from 1986 to 2016. Based on the analysis of hydrometeorological observations, lake water balance, lake evaporation and Budyko equations, driven by gridded climate and global atmospheric reanalysis datasets, we evaluate the impact of historical climatic conditions on the water balance of the BNNP lake catchments. The total surface water area of the BNNP lakes decreased by around 7% for that period, mainly due to a reduction in the extent of three main lakes. In contrast, for some smaller lakes, the surface area increased. Overall, we attribute the decline of the BNNP lakes’ areal extent and volume to the prolonged periods of water balance deficit when lake evaporation exceeded precipitation. However, during the most recent years (2013-2016) precipitation increased and the BNNP lake levels stabilized

エサキアメンボ ノ ワカヤマケン キノカワシ ト キョウトフ セイカチョウ ニオケル セイソク バショ ト ソノ リヨウ

エサキアメンボでは, 越冬世代の成虫はその他世代の成虫よりも飛翔性が強く, 繁殖場所となる溜池と越冬場所となる溜池との間を秋季と春季に飛翔移動すると推定されている。その真偽を検討するために, 和歌山県紀の川市で2ヶ年にわたって, 冬季の成虫, ならびに初夏の幼虫と成虫の存否を96の溜池で調査した。さらに, 冬季の存否と夏季の水面上の "植生面積" との組み合わせ, ならびに夏季の存否と冬季の "陸域面積" との組み合わせに基づいたパッチ占有モデルによって分布予測をおこなった。野外では, 冬季も夏季も生息を確認できた溜池が存在した一方で, 夏季あるいは冬季のみに生息を確認できた溜池もあった。モデル解析結果は実際の分布変動に近似した。これらの結果は本種が春季と秋季に飛翔移動することを強く示唆しており, 繁殖場所と越冬場所をともに備えた溜池が, 短命な局所個体群の創設雌の供給源であることを示した。こうした点に注目し, 京都府精華町で新たに発見した生息場所の状況を記録した

ニホン ニ テイチャク シタ トガリアメンボ ノ シュウネン ケイカ ト ラン キュウミン

トガリアメンボは和歌山県北部および大阪府南部において卵態で越冬することを明らかにした。当該地域において, 本種の成虫は一般に6月上旬から11月下旬まで水面上で活動し, 10月以降には休眠卵を産出した。野外で越冬した卵の孵化時期は不斉一であり, 翌年の4月下旬から5月中旬に孵化した。休眠卵は1か月以上の5℃暴露および2時間の-5℃暴露に耐性を有していた。非休眠卵の卵期間は20℃で約27日, 25℃で約19日, 28℃で約15日であり, 発育は斉一であった。幼虫期間は日長と無関係で, 20℃で約62日, 25℃で約38日, 28℃で約32日であった。有翅型成虫は6月から11月まで出現した。野外における本種の産卵基質には水面上に浮遊する植物片が利用されており, 樹皮断片, および長さ35mm以下で直径2～4mm の枝片に特に多く産卵されることが明らかになった。また, 室内では, 一部の卵は産卵基質に挿入されず水中に放出された。これらにも正常に発育して水中から孵化するもののあることを認めた。In northern Wakayama and southern Osaka areas on Honshu Island, it was confirmed that the waterstrider Rhagadotarsus kraepelini Breddin overwinters as eggs. Adults generally appeared on ponds from early June to late November. Alate adults were observed from June through to November, and diapausing eggs were produced from October onwards. Hatching of these diapausing eggs under field conditions occurred between late April and mid-May of the following year. Diapausing eggs that were exposed to 5℃ for 41 days and then chilled to -5℃ for a further 2 hours were able to complete their hatching when returned to an incubation temperature of 25℃. Duration from oviposition to hatching in non-diapausing eggs was approximately 27 days when incubated at 20℃, 19 days at 25℃, and 15 days at 28℃. Developmental times in nymphs decreased as incubation temperatures increased, and were unaffected by photoperiod. In field populations, floating plant materials such as bits of bark and short twigs were used as ovipositional substances. In laboratory rearing trials, a small proportion of eggs were also deposited in the water and had become fixed to the bottom of the container. Some of these eggs successfully hatched

Marine microbial metagenomes sampled across space and time

Recent advances in understanding the ecology of marine systems have been greatly facilitated by the growing availability of metagenomic data, which provide information on the identity, diversity and functional potential of the microbial community in a particular place and time. Here we present a dataset comprising over 5 terabases of metagenomic data from 610 samples spanning diverse regions of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. One set of metagenomes, collected on GEOTRACES cruises, captures large geographic transects at multiple depths per station. The second set represents two years of time-series data, collected at roughly monthly intervals from 3 depths at two long-term ocean sampling sites, Station ALOHA and BATS. These metagenomes contain genomic information from a diverse range of bacteria, archaea, eukaryotes and viruses. The data’s utility is strengthened by the availability of extensive physical, chemical, and biological measurements associated with each sample. We expect that these metagenomes will facilitate a wide range of comparative studies that seek to illuminate new aspects of marine microbial ecosystems.© The Author(s) 201

Experimental evidence reveals impact of drought periods on dissolved organic matter quality and ecosystem metabolism in subalpine streams

Subalpine streams are predicted to experience lower summer discharge following climate change and water extractions. In this study, we aimed to understand how drought periods impact dissolved organic matter (DOM) processing and ecosystem metabolism of subalpine streams. We mimicked a gradient of drought conditions in stream‐side flumes and evaluated implications of drought on DOM composition, gross primary production, and ecosystem respiration. Our experiment demonstrated a production and release of DOM from biofilms and leaf litter decomposition at low discharges, increasing dissolved organic carbon concentrations in stream water by up to 50%. Absorbance and fluorescence properties suggested that the released DOM was labile for microbial degradation. Dissolved organic carbon mass balances revealed a high contribution of internal processes to the carbon budget during low flow conditions. The flumes with low discharge were transient sinks of atmospheric CO2 during the first 2 weeks of drought. After this autotrophic phase, the metabolic balance of these flumes turned heterotrophic, suggesting a nutrient limitation for primary production, while respiration remained high. Overall our experimental findings suggest that droughts in subalpine streams will enhance internal carbon cycling by transiently increasing primary production and more permanently respiration as the drought persists. We propose that the duration of a drought period combined with inorganic nutrient availability are key variables that determine if more carbon is respired in situ or exported downstream.© 2018 The Author

Particle-Vane Interaction Probability in Gas Turbine Engines

Data pertaining to Figures 11 to 14 from the paper. Figure datasets contained in separate worksheets in workbook

Single cell genomes of Prochlorococcus, Synechococcus, and sympatric microbes from diverse marine environments

Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus are the dominant primary producers in marine ecosystems and perform a significant fraction of ocean carbon fixation. These cyanobacteria interact with a diverse microbial community that coexists with them. Comparative genomics of cultivated isolates has helped address questions regarding patterns of evolution and diversity among microbes, but the fraction that can be cultivated is miniscule compared to the diversity in the wild. To further probe the diversity of these groups and extend the utility of reference sequence databases, we report a data set of single cell genomes for 489 Prochlorococcus, 50 Synechococcus, 9 extracellular virus particles, and 190 additional microorganisms from a diverse range of bacterial, archaeal, and viral groups. Many of these uncultivated single cell genomes are derived from samples obtained on GEOTRACES cruises and at well-studied oceanographic stations, each with extensive suites of physical, chemical, and biological measurements. The genomic data reported here greatly increases the number of available Prochlorococcus genomes and will facilitate studies on evolutionary biology, microbial ecology, and biological oceanography.© The Author(s) 201

Great Cause—Small Effect: Undeclared Genetically Engineered Orange Petunias Harbor an Inefficient Dihydroflavonol 4-Reductase

A recall campaign for commercial, orange flowering petunia varieties in spring 2017 caused economic losses worldwide. The orange varieties were identified as undeclared genetically engineered (GE)-plants, harboring a maize dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR, A1), which was used in former scientific transgenic breeding attempts to enable formation of orange pelargonidin derivatives from the precursor dihydrokaempferol (DHK) in petunia. How and when the A1 cDNA entered the commercial breeding process is unclear. We provide an in-depth analysis of three orange petunia varieties, released by breeders from three countries, with respect to their transgenic construct, transcriptomes, anthocyanin composition, and flavonoid metabolism at the level of selected enzymes and genes. The two possible sources of the A1 cDNA in the undeclared GE-petunia can be discriminated by PCR. A special version of the A1 gene, the A1 type 2 allele, is present, which includes, at the 3′-end, an additional 144 bp segment from the non-viral transposable Cin4-1 sequence, which does not add any functional advantage with respect to DFR activity. This unequivocally points at the first scientific GE-petunia from the 1980s as the A1 source, which is further underpinned e.g., by the presence of specific restriction sites, parts of the untranslated sequences, and the same arrangement of the building blocks of the transformation plasmid used. Surprisingly, however, the GE-petunia cannot be distinguished from native red and blue varieties by their ability to convert DHK in common in vitro enzyme assays, as DHK is an inadequate substrate for both the petunia and maize DFR. Recombinant maize DFR underpins the low DHK acceptance, and, thus, the strikingly limited suitability of the A1 protein for a transgenic approach for breeding pelargonidin-based flower color. The effect of single amino acid mutations on the substrate specificity of DFRs is demonstrated. Expression of the A1 gene is generally lower than the petunia DFR expression despite being under the control of the strong, constitutive p35S promoter. We show that a rare constellation in flavonoid metabolism—absence or strongly reduced activity of both flavonol synthase and B-ring hydroxylating enzymes—allows pelargonidin formation in the presence of DFRs with poor DHK acceptance.© 2018 Haselmair-Gosch, Miosic, Nitarska, Roth, Walliser, Paltram, Lucaciu, Eidenberger, Rattei, Olbricht, Stich and Halbwirt