Seasonal Changes of Oxindole Alkaloid Contents in the Stem Segments of Uncaria rhynchophylla (B. LIVING SCIENCE)

The seasonal changes of oxindole alkaloid content in stem segments of Uncaria rhynchophylla were investigated between July 1986 and June 1987. The highest oxindole alkaloid content in the dried stem segments was observed in July 1986,and the content decreased until the next spring, when it started to increase again. In contrast, high biomass production was obtained in winter (November and December). The optimum season to prepare the crude drug from U. rhynchophylla is discussed in relation to oxindole alkaloid content and biomass yield

Scientific and Legal Perspectives on Science Generated for Regulatory Activities

This article originated from a conference that asked “Should scientific work conducted for purposes of advocacy before regulatory agencies or courts be judged by the same standards as science conducted for other purposes?” In the article, which focuses on the regulatory advocacy context, we argue that it can be and should be. First, we describe a set of standards and practices currently being used to judge the quality of scientific research and testing and explain how these standards and practices assist in judging the quality of research and testing regardless of why the work was conducted. These standards and practices include the federal Information Quality Act, federal Good Laboratory Practice standards, peer review, disclosure of funding sources, and transparency in research policies. The more that scientific information meets these standards and practices, the more likely it is to be of high quality, reliable, reproducible, and credible. We then explore legal issues that may be implicated in any effort to create special rules for science conducted specifically for a regulatory proceeding. Federal administrative law does not provide a basis for treating information in a given proceeding differently depending on its source or the reason for which it was generated. To the contrary, this law positively assures that interested persons have the right to offer their technical expertise toward the solution of regulatory problems. Any proposal to subject scientific information generated for the purpose of a regulatory proceeding to more demanding standards than other scientific information considered in that proceeding would clash with this law and would face significant administrative complexities. In a closely related example, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency considered but abandoned a program to implement standards aimed at “external” information

ショウガク 1ネンセイ ニオケル ヨウチエン シュッシンシャ ト ホイクショ シュッシンシャ ノ エイヨウ セッシュ ジョウキョウ ノ ヒカク

京都市内の一小学校の1年生120名を対象者に, 6月の休日および平日各1日に摂取した全食品の摂食量の記録を保護者に依頼し, 回答のあった男子41名, 女子47名, 計88名(73.3%)の栄養素および食品群別摂取量を出身別に比較検討した。その結果, 幼稚園出身者が保育所出身者より有意に高値を示したのは, 男子の果実類摂取量, 女子の脂質摂取量, 脂肪エネルギー比率であった。その他の項目では出身別に有意な差は認めなかった。全体において, 推定平均必要量以下の者の割合は, カルシウムは男子56.1%, 女子55.3%, 鉄は男子29.3%, 女子27.7%, ビタミンCは男子34.1%, 女子31.9%, 脂肪エネルギー比率が30%以上の割合は男子61.0%, 女子63.8%, 食塩6g以上の割合は男子78.0%, 女子68.1%と高かった。これより, 小学1年生において出身別の差は少ないこと, カルシウム, 鉄の不足者割合が高く, 脂質及び食塩の摂取量が目標量を超える者の割合が多い可能性が示唆された

ショクジ セッシュ キジュン 2010ネンバン ニ ヨル カンリ エイヨウシ ヨウセイ カテイ ノ ジョシ ガクセイ ノ エイヨウ シンタイ カツドウ ヒョウカ

The purpose of this study was to assess the nutritional status of women university students in the third-grade of a registered dietitian training course, based on the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese(2010). We initially selected 46 students, and obtained valid responses from 41 students(89.1%). We performed body measurements, blood tests, a dietary weighing method for 3 days, and the measurement of physical activity by the accelerometer. In regard to the physique and blood test of the subjects, 24.4% were underweight, 4.9% were obese and 20.0% were anemic. The dietary weighing method showed that the rate of women who took vitamin C below the estimated average requirement was 90.0%, that of folic acid, iron and calcium were 41.0%, 83.0%, and 68.0% respectively. While the rate of salt intake greater than the dietary goal (7.5g/day)was 36.5%, the rate of fat energy ratio greater than the dietary goal(30%)was 31.7%. The average number of steps per day was 8,907 ± 2,293. These results showed that there was an overall insufficient intake of total energy, vitamins, and minerals, indicating that further nutritional management for the women students is required

片手で保持して操作する道具の重量と作業強度(人間環境学)

実験室において測量用のポールを立木に見立て, 床から40cm, 120cm, 200cmのところにそれぞれ枝があるものと想定し, 被験者に, 鉈および鋸を用いて枝打ち模擬動作を行わせ, その際の呼気を分析し, 心拍数を測定した。片手で扱う道具として, 重い鉈を用いる方が軽い鋸の場合より, 酸素摂取量が有意に大きく, したがって作業強度の高いことが明らかとなった。また, 吸気量, 呼気二酸化炭素濃度, ならびに二酸化炭素呼出量においても有意差が存したが, 心拍数には有意差がなかった。また, 測定した11項目を変量とする, 鉈と鋸による作業を判別するための線形判別関数を求め, これを用いてもとの鉈, 鋸を用いる作業に関する各12,計24個のデータについて, 判別得点を求めた。正しく判別されたデータの割合は, 鉈, 鋸いずれについても83.3%で, おおむね正しく判別がなされた。この判別に比較的大きく寄与すると考えられる変量は, RQ, 酸素摂取量, 二酸化炭素呼出量, 吸気量で, これらはいずれも作業強度の差異を反映する測定項目であった。To investigate the difference of work intensity with a hatchet from a saw, 4 male subjects performed sham pruning in the laboratory. A surveying pole was supposed to be a tree with branches at the height of 40,120,and 200cm. At each work, expired gas was analyzed and heart rate was measured. The oxygen uptake of the work with a hatchet was significantly higher than that of the work with a saw. Moreover, between the works with 2 kinds of tools, significant differences were observed on the inspired gas volume, the fraction of expired CO_2,and the volume of expired CO_2. To discriminate the data with hatchet and saw, linear discriminant function with 11 variables was obtained which were correspond to measured 11 items on sham pruning. The variables which contributed largely to discrimination were RQ, O_2 uptake, expired CO_2 volume, and inspired gas volume; these were the items which reflected work intensity

Potential effects of nutrient control measures in the Clark Fork Basin on resident fisheries /

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