Розроблення комп'ютерної підсистеми автоматизованого аналізу, прогнозування та розрахунку пасажиропотоку для заданого маршруту в місті Львові

Problem of passenger transportation is an urgent problem today in many parts of the world, and solution of this problem mankind has been searching for decades of years, but the feature of this issue is the absolute uniqueness of each of an examples of its manifestation, which is caused by many factors such as specific mentality of the population of a specific region, architecture and landscape features, the human factor, the level of welfare of a particular region, fear of radical changes, social and economic stability, etc. One of the solutions of described problems is the development of specialized computer subsystem of automated analysis, prediction and calculation of passenger traffic for a given route, results of its operation can be subsequently used for: short-term or long-term forecasting of passenger traffic to correct public transport infrastructure; as a "leverage" for transport companies, that constantly declare their almost losses transportation; in those same transport companies for optimal distribution of the vehicles on the route and range of motion between them, and more other practical tasks. The purpose of our research is to develop a specialized computer subsystem, that allows analysing passenger flow (passenger traffic) for a given route, presenting the results in a user-friendly way, and making passenger traffic forecasting and calculation, based on the developed mathematical model. We are also aimed at making passenger traffic modeling, using the developed subsystems, and compare results of this modeling with actual data, obtained by means of public accountant research on the route. Developed specialized computer subsystem consists of such interconnected units as a unit of generation of statistics data, unit of conversion of the generated statistics data, and the basic functional unit that is responsible for communication with user, entrance of input data and presentation of output results. This structure provides maximal flexibility of the developed subsystem, because there is no need to fundamentally rebuild the whole system entirely, and rebuild the only concrete unit. Specially developed mathematical model of passenger traffic (for a given route) calculation, which is extremely simple and straightforward. Later models were laid into the foundation of an appropriate statistics generating algorithm. Also specific file format was developed to save converted data, obtained in result of functioning of conversion unit, in a structured form. Modeling, made by a developed subsystem, was carried out in several stages. Originally obtained real data were imported into the system, then the modelling was carried out and identity of obtained modelling-resulting data and origin data was confirmed. Then again were generated entirely new statistics data by means of the developed statistics generation unit, and no real data were imported into the system. Again modeling and verification of the results of modeling-resulting data with real data were performed.Розроблено спеціалізовану комп'ютерну підсистему, що дає змогу здійснити аналіз пасажиропотоку для заданого маршруту, представлення результатів у зручній для користувача формі, а також здійснити прогнозування та розрахунок пасажиропотоку на основі розробленої математичної моделі. Наведено Результати дослідження пасажиропотоку за конкретним маршрутом громадського транспорту Львова. Розроблено наближену математичну модель пасажиропотоку заданого маршруту, яку надалі використовують у модулі генерації статистичних даних. Математична модель містять такі коефіцієнти впливу на кількісні характеристики досліджуваного пасажиропотоку, як: коефіцієнт впливу дня тижня; коефіцієнт впливу типу дня року; коефіцієнт, що відображає вплив конкуренції в конкретному місці заданого маршруту. Здійснено розрахунок і прогнозування величини пасажиропотоку для заданого маршруту на основі розробленої математичної моделі та відповідного алгоритму генерації статистичних даних, які реалізовані в підсистемі. Здійснено моделювання роботи системи і перевірку отриманих результатів моделювання із реальними даними. Описано структури основних функціональних блоків комп'ютерної підсистеми. Розроблено графічний інтерфейс користувача основного функціонального блоку підсистеми. Наведено результати роботи розробленої підсистеми автоматизованого аналізу, прогнозування та розрахунку пасажиропотоку для конкретного маршруту

Kyiv Meridian Axial Circle Catalogue (KMAC1) of stars in fields with extragalactic radio sources

The catalogue of astrometric (positions, proper motions) and photometric (B, V , R, r', J) data of stars in 192 fields with the ICRF objects has been compiled at the Main Astronomical Observatory of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the Astronomical Observatory of the Kyiv National University. All fields are located in declination zone from 0° up to +30° ; a nominal field size is 46' (right ascension)×24' (declination). The observational basis of this work is 1100 CCD scans deep to V =17 mag which were obtained with the Kyiv Meridian Axial Circle in 2001–2003 and which contain one million of images. Coordinates of star image centroids have been computed both as the weighted centers of gravity and as the linearized Gaussian profile fitting with unequal weights. Astrometric reductions have included corrections depending on image size fluctuations and position of a star on the CCD frame on the declination axis. A special approach was used for correction of magnitude-dependent errors since images of bright stars were oversaturated. The KMAC1 catalogue is presented in two versions. The KMAC1–T version contains 159 fields (104 796 stars) and was obtained with reduction to the Tycho-2 catalogue. For another 33 fields, the reduction was found to be unreliable due to a low sky density of the Tycho-2 stars. Therefore, transformation the second version of the KMAC1–CU to the ICRF was derived using the UCAC2 and CAMC13 catalogues as reference ones; it contains 115 032 stars in 192 fields and is of slightly better accuracy. As compared with the first version proper motions were derived using the USNOA2.0 catalogue as a first epoch catalogue. An external accuracy (based on comparison with UCAC2 and CMC13) of one catalogue position is about 60–70 mas for 14–15 mag stars. An average value of photometry error is better than 0.1 mag for stars to 16 mag