514 research outputs found
Screening for Infectious diseases among newly arrived migrants. experiences and practices in non-EU countries of the Mediterranean basin and Black Sea
Changing migration dynamics in the Mediterranean Sea and differences in infectious diseases (ID) burden between the countries of origin have raised questions whether public health actions are needed to avoid the transmission of ID. Screening newly arrived migrants for ID is one health monitoring option, offering opportunities for prevention, early detection and treatment. The authors conducted a survey among country experts in non-European Union countries of the Mediterranean and Black Sea, in order to explore current ID screening practices and policies for newly arrived migrants. The association between the existence of guidelines and the proportion of refugees in the population was also estimated. Eighteen country experts responded (90%) out of the 20 invited. Eleven countries (61%) implemented screening programmes and six (38%) had national guidelines. Screening was performed most often for tuberculosis at the holding level. A higher proportion of refugees in the population was associated with the existence of guidelines for screening (p = 0.05). Fourteen experts (88%) considered screening among migrants useful. The results show that screening for ID in newly arrived migrants is relevant for non-EU countries of the Mediterranean and Black Sea. Common guidelines could be promoted focusing on both individual and public health benefits of screening programmesChanging migration dynamics in the Mediterranean Sea and differences in infectious diseases (ID) burden between the countries of origin have raised questions whether public health actions are needed to avoid the transmission of ID. Screening newly arrived migrants for ID is one health monitoring option, offering opportunities for prevention, early detection and treatment. The authors conducted a survey among country experts in non-European Union countries of the Mediterranean and Black Sea, in order to explore current ID screening practices and policies for newly arrived migrants. The association between the existence of guidelines and the proportion of refugees in the population was also estimated. Eighteen country experts responded (90%) out of the 20 invited. Eleven countries (61%) implemented screening programmes and six (38%) had national guidelines. Screening was performed most often for tuberculosis at the holding level. A higher proportion of refugees in the population was associated with the existence of guidelines for screening (p = 0.05). Fourteen experts (88%) considered screening among migrants useful. The results show that screening for ID in newly arrived migrants is relevant for non-EU countries of the Mediterranean and Black Sea. Common guidelines could be promoted focusing on both individual and public health benefits of screening programmes
The Loschmidt Echo as a robust decoherence quantifier for many-body systems
We employ the Loschmidt Echo, i.e. the signal recovered after the reversal of
an evolution, to identify and quantify the processes contributing to
decoherence. This procedure, which has been extensively used in single particle
physics, is here employed in a spin ladder. The isolated chains have 1/2 spins
with XY interaction and their excitations would sustain a one-body like
propagation. One of them constitutes the controlled system S whose reversible
dynamics is degraded by the weak coupling with the uncontrolled second chain,
i.e. the environment E. The perturbative SE coupling is swept through arbitrary
combinations of XY and Ising like interactions, that contain the standard
Heisenberg and dipolar ones. Different time regimes are identified for the
Loschmidt Echo dynamics in this perturbative configuration. In particular, the
exponential decay scales as a Fermi golden rule, where the contributions of the
different SE terms are individually evaluated and analyzed. Comparisons with
previous analytical and numerical evaluations of decoherence based on the
attenuation of specific interferences, show that the Loschmidt Echo is an
advantageous decoherence quantifier at any time, regardless of the S internal
dynamics.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figure
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