Exemestane in the Adjuvant Treatment of Breast Cancer in Postmenopausal Women

Exemestane is an irreversible inhibitor of the aromatase enzyme, which is a key component in the production of estrogen. The majority of breast cancers are sensitive to the proliferative effects of estrogen. Exemestane is approved for the adjuvant treatment of postmenopausal women with breast cancer after 2 to 3 years of tamoxifen therapy, based on a 32% improvement in disease-free survival compared with 5 years of tamoxifen alone (P < 0.001). Exemestane has also shown clinical benefits as an upfront therapy. The safety profile of exemestane shares some side effects with tamoxifen (hot flashes and arthralgia), but is not associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer or thromboembolic events. This review will discuss in detail the efficacy and safety of exemestane in early breast cancer

Searching singlet extensions of the supersymmetric standard model in Z6−II Z_{6-II} orbifold compactification of heterotic string

We search for supersymmetric standard model realizations with extra singlets and extra $U(1)$ using the heterotic string compactification on the $Z_{6-II}$ orbifold with two Wilson lines. We analyze the vacuum restabilization mechanism for three representative Pati-Salam string models obtained in the literature and present detailed results for the effective superpotential compatible with the string selection rules. An automated selection of semi-realistic vacua along flat directions in the non-Abelian singlet modes field space is performed by requiring the presence of massless pairs of electroweak Higgs bosons having trilinear superpotential couplings with massless singlet modes and the decoupling of color triplet exotic modes needed to suppress $B$ and $L$ number violating processes.Comment: revtex4 format, 21 pages, 7 tables, shortened version added reference

Generalized Second Law of Thermodynamics in f(T)f(T) Gravity with Entropy Corrections

We study the generalized second law (GSL) of thermodynamics in $f(T)$ cosmology. We consider the universe as a closed bounded system filled with $n$ component fluids in the thermal equilibrium with the cosmological boundary. We use two different cosmic horizons: the future event horizon and the apparent horizon. We show the conditions under which the GSL will be valid in specific scenarios of the quintessence and the phantom energy dominated eras. Further we associate two different entropies with the cosmological horizons: with a logarithmic correction term and a power-law correction term. We also find the conditions for the GSL to be satisfied or violated by imposing constraints on model parameters.Comment: 17 pages, no figure, title changed, version accepted for publication in Astrophysics and Space Scienc

Progress in Breast Cancer—Can We Do Better?

Breast cancer remains the most common malignancy diagnosed in women in North America. [...