The SQCD vacuum coupled to supergravity and string theory moduli

We calculate the scalar potential of supersymmetric QCD (in the regime N_f < N_c) coupled to N=1 supergravity with moduli-dependent gauge kinetic function and masses. The gauge dynamics are described by the Taylor-Veneziano-Yankielowicz superpotential for composite effective fields. The potential can be expanded about the ``truncated'' point in the gaugino and matter condensate directions in order to find corrections to the globally supersymmetric minimum. The results are relevant to the phenomenology of supersymmetry-breaking in string-inspired supergravity models, and also to recent work on domain walls in SQCD.Comment: 13 pages, 3 eps figures. Minor typos and layout change

Fundamental constants and their variability in theories of High Energy Physics

The Standard Model of particle physics and the theory of General Relativity (GR) currently provide a good description of almost all phenomena of particle physics and gravitation that have received controlled experimental tests. However, the Standard Model contains many a priori variable parameters whose values, and whose apparent (near-)constancy, have yet to receive a convincing theoretical explanation. At the same time, GR may now require to be extended or altered at the largest length scales, to account for the recent apparent accelerated cosmological expansion. In this introductory review I present theoretical aspects of the search for explanations of the values and possible variations of fundamental ``constants'', focusing on the possibility of unification of interactions. I also relate cosmological variations to modifications of gravity both locally and cosmologically.Comment: 17 pages pdflatex, proceedings of introductory lecture for ACFC Seminar, Bad Honnef 2007, to be published in EPJ Special Topic

On the modular invariance of mass eigenstates and CP violation

We investigate the modular transformation properties of observable (light) fields in heterotic orbifolds, in the light of recent calculations of CP-violating quantities. Measurable quantities must be modular invariant functions of string moduli, even if the light fields are noninvariant. We show that physical invariance may arise by patching smooth functions that are separately noninvariant. CP violation for on the unit circle, which requires light and heavy states to mix under transformation, is allowed in principle, although the Jarlskog parameter J_CP(T) must be amended relative to previous results. However, a toy model of modular invariant mass terms indicates that the assumption underlying these results is unrealistic. In general the mass eigenstate basis is manifestly modular invariant and coupling constants are smooth invariant functions of T, thus CP is unbroken on the unit circle. We also discuss the status of CP-odd quantities when CP is a discrete gauge symmetry, and point out a link with baryogenesis.Comment: 18 pages JHEP style, 1 fig., amssymb, amsmath, graphicx. As publishe

Modular symmetry, twisted sectors and flavour

We investigate the implications for fermion mass models in heterotic orbifolds of the modular symmetry mixing twisted states localized at different fixed points. We show that, unlike in the case of continuous gauge symmetries, the mass eigenstates do not mix under the symmetry; thus coupling constants in the low-energy theory are invariant functions of the moduli.Comment: 4 pages, ws-procs9x6.cls included. Contribution to conference proceedings, String Phenomenology '02, Oxfor

What is the impact of 12-hour shifts on midwives' emotional wellbeing and ability to safely deliver care?

Work-related stress and burnout are not uncommon within the midwifery workforce in the UK. The reasons for this are likely to be multifactorial, but organisational issues, like insufficient staffing, 12-hour shifts and dissatisfaction with the quality of care provided are all thought to contribute. Staff within maternity services influence the safety, effectiveness and quality of care a woman, her baby and family receive yet if a midwife’s overall wellbeing is significantly affected by stress and low morale, it can have a detrimental impact on the delivery of that care. Despite this, there is currently a lack of research on how organisational issues in midwifery settings might contribute to work-related stress or burnout. 12-hour shifts are thought to have a negative impact on wellbeing, performance and delivery of care, yet the evidence remains conflicting. This study employs a quantitative methodology using a non-experimental design through the use of surveys to explore and analyse the impact of shift length and working practices on midwives’ emotional wellbeing and ability to safely deliver care. Cognitive interviewing techniques will be used to pre-test the second survey to promote the validity and reliability of results. Descriptive and inferential statistics will be used in the analyses, with control of confounding variables.Peer reviewe

In the line of duty: the emotional wellbeing of midwives

The culture and working practices within midwifery settings are key modifiable factors that influence the emotional wellbeing of midwives. As a caring profession, a culture of self-sacrifice still appears to be expected in the provision of care, despite this having a negative effect on care provision. Shift patterns, long shifts and working practices where midwives continue to miss rest breaks, work unpaid beyond their contracted hours or present for work when unwell, all have a negative impact on emotional wellbeing. Future wellbeing strategies in midwifery settings should focus on supporting a positive workplace culture that cares equally for its midwives as it does for the women and babies in its care.Peer reviewe