The effect of family nutritional knowledge and diet treatment compliance on the growth, development and nutritional status of phenyketonuria patients aged 6-10 years old

6-10 Yaş Klasik Fenilketonürili Hastalarda Ailenin Beslenme Bilgisi ve Diyet Tedavisi Uyumunun Hastaların Büyüme Gelişme ve Beslenme Durumu Üzerine Olan Etkisi. Hasan Kalyoncu Üniversitesi Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü Beslenme ve Diyetetik Anabilim Dalı, Tezli Yüksek Lisans, Gaziantep, 2021. Fenilketonüri (PKU), fenilalanin hidroksilaz enziminin (PAH) eksikliğinden kaynaklanan doğumsal bir protein metabolizma bozukluğu hastalığıdır. Diyet tedavisinin yaşam boyu sürmesi gerekmektedir. Ailelerin bilgi ve diyeti uygulamadaki tutumları kan fenilalanin (FA) düzeylerini, hastaların beslenme durumlarını ve büyüme gelişmelerini etkilemektedir. Bu çalışma 6-10 yaş aralığındaki Klasik PKU'lu hastalarda ailenin beslenme bilgisi ve diyet tedavisi uyumunun kan FA düzeyleri, hastanın beslenme durumu ve büyüme-gelişmesi üzerine olan etkisini değerlendirmek amacıyla planlanmıştır. Hastaların yaş ortalamaları 8,67±1,41 yıldır. Hastaların D vitamini, magnezyum, fosfor, demir, total protein ve albümin değerleri referans aralıkta iken B12 vitamini ve kalsiyum referans aralığın biraz üzerindedir. Hastaların kan FA düzeyleri ortalama 538,0±386,9 mmol/L ile yüksek düzeylerdedir. Hastaların günlük FA gereksinimi karşılama yüzdeleri %86,9 ±54'tür. Hastaların vitamin alımları günlük önerilen alım miktarları (RDA)'nın çok üstünde, mineral alımları çok düşüktür. Annenin eğitim durumu ile kan FA değeri arasındaki fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur (p0,05); kan FA değeri yüksek olanlarda sınır zeka ve donuk zeka oranları artmıştır. Hastaların kan FA düzeyi sınıflaması ile beden kütle indeksi (BKİ) z-skor arasındaki ilişki istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunurken (p0,05); those with high blood phenylalanine levels had an increased rate of borderline intelligence and dull intelligence. While the correlation between the blood phenylalanine level classification of the patients and the BMI Z-score was statistically significant (p<0,05), the prevalence of obesity was higher in patients with good or bad blood phenylalanine levels (p<0,05). The relationship between their families' nutritional knowledge and their intelligence scores was statistically significant (p<0,05), and the frequency of dull intelligence was higher in patients with poor nutritional knowledge (p<0,05). A statistically significant difference was found between their families' nutritional knowledge and BMI Z-score (p<0,05). The prevalence of overweight in patients with poor nutritional knowledge is higher than in patients with moderate nutritional knowledge (p<0,05). Patients should be given detailed education about treatment and diet, they should be informed about how the disease is and how to manage this disease, and education should be continuous according to changing conditions. Keywords: Phenylketonuria, Level of Knowledge, Growth and Development, Diet Therapy

Topraksız Tarım Kesme Gül Yetiştiriciliği

Soilless culture is a plant growing techniques without traditional agricultural soil. In the early 1960s it was used in Europe for the first time. Soil salinity, poor soil, soil-borne diseases and pests, water shortage, etc. are reasons for making the soilless culture. This technique can be divided in two main groups: Substrate culture and Hydroponics (liquid) culture. Substrate cultures consist of two groups including the organic and inorganic. Organic substrates (non inert medium) are peat, coco peat, bark, burn rice husks, etc. Rockwool, glasswool, perlite, pumice and volcanic tuff, etc. are also inorganic substrates (inert medium). In hydroponics culture, plants are directly grown in nutrient solution. The most common inert growing medium is rockwool, very popular in Northern Europe, especially in Holland, Poland, Ukraine, Scandinavia and Russia, but also South Korea and Japan. In Holland the cultivation of roses on rockwool represents 80% of the total soilless cultivation. Among the organic growing medium, coco peat is currently the most common in rose cultivation. It can be used alone, or mixed wit

Effects of different resistance exercise protocols on nitric oxide, lipid peroxidation and creatine kinase activity in sedentary males

WOS: 000252921300005PubMed ID: 24149472The purpose of this study was to determine the changes of oxidative response and exercise-induced muscle damage after two different resistance exercise protocols. Whether training with low or high intensity resistance programs cause alterations in the activities of lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide (NOx), and creatine kinase (CK) activity in human plasma was investigated. Twenty untrained males participated into this study. Ten of the subjects performed high intensity resistance (HR) exercise circuit and the rest of them performed low intensity resistance (LR) exercise circuit of 4 different exercises as a single bout. Venous blood samples were drawn pre-exercise, immediately after the exercise, and at the 6(th), 24(th), 48(th) and the 72(nd) hours of post-exercise. Samples were analyzed for markers of muscle damage (CK), lipid peroxidation (MDA) and NOx. NOx production increased in HR group (p < 0.05). The MDA response to the two different resistance exercise protocol in this study caused a significant increase between pre and post-exercise values in both groups (p < 0.05). Also, there was a significant difference in the MDA level between the two groups in post-exercise values (p < 0.05) and higher values were observed in HR group. CK activities showed a significant increase in all post exercise values (p < 0.05) of both groups but there were no difference between HR and LR groups. These findings support that high intensity resistance exercise induces free radical production more than low intensity resistance exercise program

Effects of some giberellic acid and scarification treatments on germination of Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) seeds

Fabaceae familyasına ait yalancı akasya (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) süs bitkisi olarak kullanımı yaygın, kuraklık stresine dayanıklı bir ağaçtır. Bu familyanın birçok türü gibi, yalancı akasya türlerinin de fiziksel dormansiye neden olan sert ve geçirimsiz tohum kabukları vardır. Bu nedenle tohum çimlenme oranı düşüktür. Mevcut araştırma, yalancı akasyada tohum dinlenmesinin kırılması ve çimlenmeyi arttırmak için en iyi ön uygulamayı belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmada materyal olarak olgunlaşmış yalancı akasya tohumları kullanılmış ve tohumlara giberellik asit (GA3) ve skarifikasyon (termal, kimyasal ve mekanik) ön uygulamaları yapılmıştır. Tohumlar 24 saat 0, 1000, 2000 ve 3000 ppm GA3, iki saat 60 ve 80°C sıcak su, 10 dakika saf sülfürik asit (H2S04) ve zımpara kağıdı ile muamele edilmişlerdir. Kontrol grubu tohumlara hiçbir uygulama yapılmamıştır. Tohumlar, torf ve perlit karışımı içeren 108 hücreli tohum ekim kapları içerisine ekilmiştir (3:1; v/v). Araştırmada, uygulamaların çimlenme oranı, ortalama çimlenme süresi, çimlenme enerjisi ve çimlenme indeksi değerleri üzerine etkileri belirlenmiştir. Ortalama çimlenme süresi değerleri dışında, incelenen tüm kriterler üzerine uygulamaların etkisi istatistiksel olarak önemli bulunmuştur. En yüksek çimlenme oranı %70 ile zımpara uygulamasından en düşük çimlenme oranı ise %13.33 ile kontrol uygulamasından elde edilmiştir. Çimlenme indeksi (0.18) ve çimlenme enerjisi (%63.33) bakımından da en yüksek değerler zımpara uygulamasında saptanmıştır. Çimlenme kriterleri yönünden, mekanik aşındırmaya en yakın sonuçlar iki saat 60°C termal aşındırma uygulamasından elde edilmiştir. Giberellik asit uygulamalarının skarifikasyon ve kontrol uygulamaları ile kıyaslandığında ortalama çimlenme süresini kısalttığı, ancak diğer çimlenme kriterleri bakımından başarısız olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Skarifikasyon uygulamaları içinde en düşük çimlenme değerlerine sülfürik asit uygulaması sahip olmuştur. Araştırma sonucunda, yalancı akasya tohumlarında fiziksel dormansiyi gidermek ve çimlenmeyi arttırmak için en iyi ön uygulamanın zımpara ile aşındırma uygulaması olduğu bulunmuştur.Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) belonging to the Fabaceae family is a tree that is widely used as ornamental plant and resistant to drought stress. Like many species of the legume family, the black locust species also have hard and impermeable seed coats caused physically dormancy. Therefore the seed germination rate is low. In the present study, it was aimed to determine the best pre-treatment to break the dormancy and improve germination of black locust seeds. The mature seeds of black locust were used as research materials and the seeds were pre-treated with gibberellic acid (GA3) and scarification (thermal, chemical and mechanical). The seeds were treated with 0, 1000, 2000 and 3000 ppm GA3 for 24 hours, with hot water at 60 and 80°C for two hours, with pure sulfuric acid (H2SO4) for 10 minutes and with sandpaper. For the control, the seeds were sown without any treatment. Seeds were sowed in plug seed trays with 108 cells containing mixture of peat and perlite (3:1; v/v). In the research, the effects on germination rate, mean germination time, germination energy and germination index values of seed pre-treatments were determined. Except for mean germination time values, the effect of treatments on all the criteria examined was found statistically significant. The highest germination rate was obtained from sandpaper treatment with 70% and the lowest germination rate was obtained from control treatment with 13.33%. Also, the highest values in terms of germination index (0.18) and germination energy (63.33%) were determined in sandpaper treatment.In terms of germination criteria, the closest results to mechanical abrasion were obtained from 60°C thermal abrasion treatment for two hours. It has been found that the treatments of gibberelic acid reduce the average germination time compared to the scarification and control treatments, but fail in terms of other germination criteria. Sulfuric acid treatment had the lowest germination values among the scarification treatments.As a result of the research, it has been found that the best pre-treatment to remove physical dormancy and improve germination in black locust seeds is sandpaper treatment

Investigation of Color and Bioactive Compounds of Different Colors from Pansy (Viola &times; wittrockiana Gams.) Dried in Hot Air Dryer

The popularity of edible flowers is increasing day by day and new solutions are sought due to their short shelf life. For this purpose, in this study, four different colors of Viola &times; wittrockiana Gams.; white (Fino Clear White), orange (Delta Pure Orange), bordeaux/mauve rose (Mammoth Rocky Rose), and yellow (Delta Premium Pure Lemon) flowers were dried at drying air temperature of 60, 70, and 80 &deg;C with a convective hot air dryer. Color (L*, a*, b*, C*, h&deg;, &#8710;E, and BI), drying time and bioactive compounds (Total Phenolic Content (TPC), anthocyanin content (AC), and antioxidant activity (AO) values were measured). The orange flowers showed the fastest drying (78 min at 80 &deg;C). The lowest total color change (&#8710;E) (4.58 at 70 &deg;C) and browning index (BI) (9.58 at 60 &deg;C) values were observed in all drying processes of white flowers. The highest AC was determined in bordeaux flowers in both fresh (2.4 mg malvidin glucoside/g) and dried (25.57 mg malvidin glucoside/g at 60 &deg;C) samples. The AO decreased in all samples depending on the temperature increase, it was found that the most beneficial result in terms of bioactive compounds was the bordeaux flowers dried at drying air temperature of 60 &deg;C

Investigation of Color and Bioactive Compounds of Different Colors from Pansy (<i>Viola × wittrockiana</i> Gams.) Dried in Hot Air Dryer

The popularity of edible flowers is increasing day by day and new solutions are sought due to their short shelf life. For this purpose, in this study, four different colors of Viola × wittrockiana Gams.; white (Fino Clear White), orange (Delta Pure Orange), bordeaux/mauve rose (Mammoth Rocky Rose), and yellow (Delta Premium Pure Lemon) flowers were dried at drying air temperature of 60, 70, and 80 °C with a convective hot air dryer. Color (L*, a*, b*, C*, h°, ∆E, and BI), drying time and bioactive compounds (Total Phenolic Content (TPC), anthocyanin content (AC), and antioxidant activity (AO) values were measured). The orange flowers showed the fastest drying (78 min at 80 °C). The lowest total color change (∆E) (4.58 at 70 °C) and browning index (BI) (9.58 at 60 °C) values were observed in all drying processes of white flowers. The highest AC was determined in bordeaux flowers in both fresh (2.4 mg malvidin glucoside/g) and dried (25.57 mg malvidin glucoside/g at 60 °C) samples. The AO decreased in all samples depending on the temperature increase, it was found that the most beneficial result in terms of bioactive compounds was the bordeaux flowers dried at drying air temperature of 60 °C