Distribution of CSF IL-6 levels in patient subgroups.

<p>The CSF IL-6 levels of all individual patients were measured using quantitative ELISA. Data are expressed as pg/ml and represented on a logarithmic scale. Only significant p-values are shown in the graph (p<0.001; Kruskal–Wallis test). The horizontal line shows the estimated optimal cut-off values for CSF IL-6 levels (10 pg/ml). ITM, idiopathic transverse myelitis; OIND, other inflammatory neurological diseases; ON, optic neuritis; CIS, clinically isolated syndrome; RRMS, relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis; PPMS, primary progressive multiple sclerosis; NIND, non-inflammatory neurological diseases; DD, demyelinating diseases.</p

Radiological characteristics of DD group subjects (n = 117).

<p>MRI, Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Gd, Gadolinium.</p

Clinical and biological characteristics of DD patients (n = 117).

<p>DD, demyelinating diseases; ON, optic neuritis; CIS, clinically isolated syndrome; RRMS, relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis; PPMS, primary progressive multiple sclerosis; SD, standard deviation; EDSS, expanded disability status scale; OB, oligoclonal bands; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; WBC, white blood cells.</p

Description of the patient subgroups.

<p>ITM, idiopathic transverse myelitis; OIND, other inflammatory neurological diseases; NS, neurosarcoidosis; PNS, paraneoplastic syndrome; NL, neurolupus; NB, neuro-Behcet’s disease; PACNS, primary angiitis of the central nervous system; NBo, neuroborreliosis; NSj, neuro-Sjögren’s syndrome; CSS, Churg-Strauss syndrome; WG, Wegener granulomatosis; DD, demyelinating diseases; ON, optic neuritis; CIS, clinically isolated syndrome; RRMS, relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis; PPMS, primary progressive multiple sclerosis; NIND, non-inflammatory neurological diseases; PNP, peripheral polyneuropathy; PH, primary headaches; LD, lumbar discopathy; NPH, normal pressure hydrocephalus; EPS, extrapyramidal syndromes; ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; VE, vascular encephalopathy; BP, Bell’s palsy.</p

Blood concentration of the 5 best molecules in early and late stroke patients.

*<p>Significant concentration was set at 0.01 after Bonferroni correction (Mann-Whitney U tests, two-tailed tests).</p

Detailed characteristics of the stroke patients (cohort 1).

†<p>: Fischer exact tests.</p>*<p>Among them, 3 patients presented initially an ischemia and a hemorrhage as a secondary event.</p>**<p>Among them, 7 patients presented initially an ischemia and a hemorrhage as a secondary event.</p

Clinical performances of the molecules for discriminating tPA treated (N = 12) vs. ineligible patients (N = 104).

*<p>The AUC of GST-π was significantly better than AUC of DJ-1 (p = 0.016). No significant difference was obtained between GST-π vs. NDKA (p = 0.11) and NDKA vs. DJ-1 (p = 0.14).</p><p>An AUC above 0.80 was estimated as significant (significance 0.05 and power 0.95, made with Power tests/Sample size item from pROC software).</p

Clinical performances of the 3 best molecules for discriminating early (blood sampling between 0 and 3 h after symptoms onset, N = 22) vs. late stroke patients (blood sampling strictly after 3 h, N = 81).

<p>NPV: negative predictive value/PPV: positive predictive value.</p>*<p>The AUC of GST-π was significantly better than AUC of NDKA and DJ-1 (p = 0.034 and 0.020 respectively). No significant difference was obtained between AUC of NDKA and of DJ-1 (p = 0.63).</p><p>An AUC above 0.74 was estimated as significant (significance 0.05 and power 0.95, made with Power tests/Sample size item from pROC software).</p

Time course of the blood concentrations of GST-π, NDKA, DJ-1, NT-proBNP and IL-6 after stroke onset.

<p>The grey dashed lines correspond to the median concentration of the molecules in the control patients. The grey lines connect the median of the box plots. 0–3 h: N = 22, 3–6 h: N = 15, 6–12 h: N = 8, 12–24 h: N = 45 and 24–36 h: N = 13. Note that there is no overlap between the different subgroup of times and that each patient has only one blood sampling within the 36 h after stroke onset.</p

General characteristics of the 2 cohorts.

<p>NA: not available.</p>▵<p>: All patients were collected within the first 3 h after symptom onset.</p