Point process modeling and estimation: advances in the analysis of dynamic neural spiking data

A common interest of scientists in many fields is to understand the relationship between the dynamics of a physical system and the occurrences of discrete events within such physical system. Seismologists study the connection between mechanical vibrations of the Earth and the occurrences of earthquakes so that future earthquakes can be better predicted. Astrophysicists study the association between the oscillating energy of celestial regions and the emission of photons to learn the Universe's various objects and their interactions. Neuroscientists study the link between behavior and the millisecond-timescale spike patterns of neurons to understand higher brain functions. Such relationships can often be formulated within the framework of state-space models with point process observations. The basic idea is that the dynamics of the physical systems are driven by the dynamics of some stochastic state variables and the discrete events we observe in an interval are noisy observations with distributions determined by the state variables. This thesis proposes several new methodological developments that advance the framework of state-space models with point process observations at the intersection of statistics and neuroscience. In particular, we develop new methods 1) to characterize the rhythmic spiking activity using history-dependent structure, 2) to model population spike activity using marked point process models, 3) to allow for real-time decision making, and 4) to take into account the need for dimensionality reduction for high-dimensional state and observation processes. We applied these methods to a novel problem of tracking rhythmic dynamics in the spiking of neurons in the subthalamic nucleus of Parkinson's patients with the goal of optimizing placement of deep brain stimulation electrodes. We developed a decoding algorithm that can make decision in real-time (for example, to stimulate the neurons or not) based on various sources of information present in population spiking data. Lastly, we proposed a general three-step paradigm that allows us to relate behavioral outcomes of various tasks to simultaneously recorded neural activity across multiple brain areas, which is a step towards closed-loop therapies for psychological diseases using real-time neural stimulation. These methods are suitable for real-time implementation for content-based feedback experiments

Topological Single Photon Emission from Quantum Emitter Chains

We develop a scheme of generating highly indistinguishable single photons from an active quantum Su-Schrieffer-Heeger chain made from a collection of noisy quantum emitters. Surprisingly, the single photon emission spectrum of the active quantum chain is extremely narrow compared to that of a single emitter or topologically trivial chain. Moreover, this effect becomes dramatically strong close to the non-trivial-to-trivial phase transition point. Using this effect, we show that the single photon linewidth of a long topological quantum chain can become arbitrarily narrow, constituting an ideal source of indistinguishable single photons. Finally, taking specific examples of actual quantum emitters, we provide a microscopic and quantitative analysis of our model and analyze the most important parameters in view of the experimental realization

Effect of Two Kinds of Bone Replacement Materials on Bone Formation in Repairing Bone Defects Around Mandibular Posterior Area: a Case Study of Bone Defects Around Mandibular Posterior Area Caused by Boxing

Objective: To investigate the effect of two kinds of bone replacement materials on bone formation in repairing bone defect around mandibular posterior area. Methods: A total of 60 patients with Bone defects around mandibular posterior area caused by boxing were selected from a hospital from January 2020 to June 2020. They were divided into Perio Glas (group P) and Bone Plant (group B) by random number table method, with 30 patients in each group. Perio Glas Bone graft was used in group P and Bone Plant graft was used in group B. The vertical height and buccal lingual bone plate width of the two groups were observed at baseline and after treatment, and the success rate of implants was compared between the two groups. Results: The success rate of implant in group P was significantly lower than that in group B (P < 0.05). The vertical height and buccal lingual bone plate width in group P were significantly lower than those in group B (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Compared with Perio Glas, Bone Plant can better maintain the vertical height and buccal lingual Bone plate width of patients with Bone defects around mandibular posterior area caused by boxing, and has better effect of inducing Bone regeneration and osteogenesis

DNA modification by sulfur: analysis of the sequence recognition specificity surrounding the modification sites

The Dnd (DNA degradation) phenotype, reflecting a novel DNA modification by sulfur in Streptomyces lividans 1326, was strongly aggravated when one (dndB) of the five genes (dndABCDE) controlling it was mutated. Electrophoretic banding patterns of a plasmid (pHZ209), reflecting DNA degradation, displayed a clear change from a preferential modification site in strain 1326 to more random modifications in the mutant. Fourteen randomly modifiable sites on pHZ209 were localized, and each seemed to be able to be modified only once. Residues in a region (5′-c–cGGCCgccg-3′) including a highly conserved 4-bp central core (5′-GGCC-3′) in a well-documented preferential modification site were assessed for their necessity by site-directed mutagenesis. While the central core (GGCC) was found to be stringently required in 1326 and in the mutant, ‘gccg’ flanking its right could either abolish or reduce the modification frequency only in the mutant, and two separate nucleotides to the left had no dramatic effect. The lack of essentiality of DndB for S-modification suggests that it might only be required for enhancing or stabilizing the activity of a protein complex at the required preferential modification site, or resolving secondary structures flanking the modifiable site(s), known to constitute an obstacle for efficient modification

Effect of Two Kinds of Bone Replacement Materials on Bone Formation in Repairing Bone Defects around Mandibular Posterior Area: A Case Study of Bone Defects around Mandibular Posterior Area Caused by Boxing

Objective: To investigate the effect of two kinds of bone replacement materials on bone formation in repairing bone defect around mandibular posterior area. Methods: A total of 60 patients with Bone defects around mandibular posterior area caused by boxing were selected from a hospital from January 2020 to June 2020. They were divided into Perio Glas (group P) and Bone Plant (group B) by random number table method, with 30 patients in each group. Perio Glas Bone graft was used in group P and Bone Plant graft was used in group B. The vertical height and buccal lingual bone plate width of the two groups were observed at baseline and after treatment, and the success rate of implants was compared between the two groups. Results: The success rate of implant in group P was significantly lower than that in group B (P < 0.05). The vertical height and buccal lingual bone plate width in group P were significantly lower than those in group B (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Compared with Perio Glas, Bone Plant can better maintain the vertical height and buccal lingual Bone plate width of patients with Bone defects around mandibular posterior area caused by boxing, and has better effect of inducing Bone regeneration and osteogenesis

Application of Nanotechnology in Oral Implantation Based on Exercise-Induced Tooth Injury

With the development of sports in various countries, more and more people participate in sports, and the rate of sports injuries to the oral and maxillofacial system also increases, especially the dental injuries caused by boxing are more common. At the same time, with the improvement of modern production, people's basic needs have been continuously met, and more and more people have begun to pay attention to their physical health and appearance characteristics. Among them, dental plastic correction and restoration have received great attention. In addition, with the application of nanotechnology in various fields in recent years, scholars at home and abroad have also tried or have continued to introduce nanomaterials into oral clinics, in order to improve and develop the application of oral materials, so that the oral clinic can be continuously improved and developed. Therefore, this paper reviews the current situation of sports injury of the oral and maxillofacial system, the mechanical analysis of tooth injury, the current situation of tooth restoration and the application of nanotechnology in the field of oral implantation