Howard Goldblatt’s Three Treaties or Treatments of Translation

The paper is an introduction and discussion of Howard Goldblatt’s three treaties or treatments of translations, i.e.1.The translation is faithful to the original as an organic unity, 2. the translation is supposed to faithfully convey the images of the original, 3.Above all, he always takes the readers of his translation into first consideration. The first clause refers to Howard Goldblatt’s rewriting of the original, to some extent, following western Poetics, which is loyal to the original as a whole; the second means to focus on rendering the original images to incarnate the original spirit, whose ultimate goal is to ensure the literariness of a translation; and the third one requires a translator, first of all, should put the readers of the translation in the first place, that is to say, reader-oriented, such as their aesthetic intent and interest, to arouse their resonance emotionally. By adopting the fore-mentioned principles, Howard Goldblatt’s translations are recognized and acclaimed over the stage of world literature

Gametogenesis in Malaria Parasites Is Mediated by the cGMP-Dependent Protein Kinase

Malaria parasite transmission requires differentiation of male and female gametocytes into gametes within a mosquito following a blood meal. A mosquito-derived molecule, xanthurenic acid (XA), can trigger gametogenesis, but the signalling events controlling this process in the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum remain unknown. A role for cGMP was revealed by our observation that zaprinast (an inhibitor of phosphodiesterases that hydrolyse cGMP) stimulates gametogenesis in the absence of XA. Using cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) inhibitors in conjunction with transgenic parasites expressing an inhibitor-insensitive mutant PKG enzyme, we demonstrate that PKG is essential for XA- and zaprinast-induced gametogenesis. Furthermore, we show that intracellular calcium (Ca2+) is required for differentiation and acts downstream of or in parallel with PKG activation. This work defines a key role for PKG in gametogenesis, elucidates the hierarchy of signalling events governing this process in P. falciparum, and demonstrates the feasibility of selective inhibition of a crucial regulator of the malaria parasite life cycle

Effects of physical training programs on female tennis players’ performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Tennis is among the world’s most popular and well-studied sports. Physical training has commonly been used as an intervention among athletes. However, a comprehensive review of the literature on the effects of physical training programs on female tennis players’ performance is lacking. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the effects of physical training on performance outcomes in female tennis players.Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted on Web of Science, PubMed, SPORTDicus, Scopus, and CNKI from inception until July 2023 to select relevant articles from the accessible literature. Only controlled trials were included if they examined the effects of physical training on at least one measure of tennis-specific performance in female tennis players. The Cochrane RoB tool was employed to assess the risk of bias. The CERT scale was used to examine the quality of program information. The GRADE approach was adopted to evaluate the overall quality of the evidence. The Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software was used for the meta-analysis.Results: Nine studies were selected for the systematic review and seven for the meta-analysis, totaling 222 individuals. The study’s exercise programs lasted 6–36 weeks, with training sessions ranging from 30 to 80 min, conducted one to five times per week. Muscle power (ES = 0.72; p = 0.003), muscle strength (ES = 0.65; p = 0.002), agility (ES = 0.69; p = 0.002), serve velocity (ES = 0.72; p = 0.013), and serve accuracy (ES = 1.14; p = 0.002) demonstrated significant improvement following physical training, while no notable changes in linear sprint speed (ES = 0.63; p = 0.07) were detected.Conclusion: Although research on physical training in sports is diversified, studies on training interventions among female tennis players are scarce. This review found that existing training programs yield some favorable outcomes for female tennis players. However, further research with high methodological quality is warranted on the tailoring of specific training programs for female tennis players. There should be more consistent measuring and reporting of data to facilitate meaningful data pooling for future meta-analyses

Recent Progress on Biosensors Based on Nanomaterials for Detection of Food Allergens

Food allergy has become one of the prominent issues in the fields of food safety and public health. Since there is no effective treatment for food allergy, avoiding dietary exposure to (or intake of) food allergens based on label information should remain the best option for allergy sufferers. The development of sensitive, accurate and efficient allergen detection technologies is crucial for protecting consumers’ safety and rights. As a multidisciplinary detection technology, biosensors have the advantages of high specificity, quick response and easy operation. The rapid development of nanomaterials has advanced the development of highly sensitive and high-throughput biosensors for the visual detection of food allergens. In order to provide more references for further research and application of biosensors in food allergen detection, this paper summarizes the general situation of food allergen detection by biosensors, and analyzes the latest development of various biological recognition elements and biosensors based on different nanomaterials in the field of food allergen detection

STAT3 potentiates RNA polymerase I-directed transcription and tumor growth by activating RPA34 expression

Background: Deregulation of either RNA polymerase I (Pol I)-directed transcription or expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) correlates closely with tumorigenesis. However, the connection between STAT3 and Pol I-directed transcription hasn’t been investigated. Methods: The role of STAT3 in Pol I-directed transcription was determined using combined techniques. The regulation of tumor cell growth mediated by STAT3 and Pol I products was analyzed in vitro and in vivo. RNAseq, ChIP assays and rescue assays were used to uncover the mechanism of Pol I transcription mediated by STAT3. Results: STAT3 expression positively correlates with Pol I product levels and cancer cell growth. The inhibition of STAT3 or Pol I products suppresses cell growth. Mechanistically, STAT3 activates Pol I-directed transcription by enhancing the recruitment of the Pol I transcription machinery to the rDNA promoter. STAT3 directly activates Rpa34 gene transcription by binding to the RPA34 promoter, which enhances the occupancies of the Pol II transcription machinery factors at this promoter. Cancer patients with RPA34 high expression lead to poor survival probability and short survival time. Conclusion: STAT3 potentiates Pol I-dependent transcription and tumor cell growth by activating RPA34 in vitro and in vivo