Differences in Self-Concept and Its Dimensions in Students of the Third Cycle of Primary School, Obligatory Secondary Education, and Baccalaureate

Self-concept can be defined as a structured, multidimensional, and evolving construct that constitutes all the beliefs that an individual has about him/herself. Among its dimensions is the physical dimension that encompasses perceptions of physical attractiveness, self-esteem, and physical condition. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to look for differences between the educational stages from the third cycle of primary school and high school, as well as to study the possible correlations between the age groups and the dimensions of the scale. The AF-5 scale was used to measure self-concept, the Kolmogoronov–Smirnov test was applied to determine the normality of the data, Kruskall-Wallis to identify the differences between the dimensions of the scale and the educational stages, and Spearman’s Rho for correlations between dimensions and age groups. Significant differences were found in the academic, emotional, family, and physical dimensions between educational stages and between the scale as a single construct. Significant inverse correlations were also found between age groups and dimensions. Overall self-concept decreases with age and varies according to the educational stage

Relationships between Physical Activity Level and Pain in the Spanish Population: A Cross-Sectional Study

One third of the world’s population suffers from some form of pain. Physical inactivity is one of the causes that reduces physical fitness and may lead to an increase in the prevalence of pain in the population. Aims. To analyse the relationships between the level of physical activity (PAL) and the prevalence and degree of pain, the limitations and impact of pain on daily activities and the use of pain medication in the Spanish population. Hypothesis. PAL is related to pain among Spaniards. Methodology. A cross-sectional study design was used, based on data obtained from the Spanish National Health Survey 2017 with 17,777 participants. A descriptive analysis was performed. Nonparametric statistical tests were used: chi-square statistic to analyse intergroup differences in ordinal variables; Mann−Whitney U test to analyse intergroup differences in continuous variables. A correlation study was also performed between the variables of interest, using Spearman’s rho. Results. Relationships were found between PAL and: prevalence of pain, degree of pain, limitations due to pain in usual activities, level of impact in daily activities and use of pain medication in the Spanish population (p < 0.001). Performing moderate and intense PA was related to lower prevalence and degree of pain in the population that performed it, compared to those who only walked or were inactive. Weak correlations were found between the level of PA and the study variables (p < 0.001). Conclusions. High PALs in the population are related to better indicators of pain among Spaniards, appearing to reduce the prevalence and degree of pain, as well as the limitations and impact caused by pain in the daily activities of citizens, and could reduce the use of pain medication in the adult Spanish population.This research was funded by “Ayudas para la Realización de Actividades de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico, de Divulgación y de Transferencia de Conocimiento por los Grupos de Investigación de Extremadura 2021”; Financed by the Junta de Extremadura and the European Social Fund. Grant number 2021/00461/001

Active vs. Inactive Elderly. Depression, Quality of Life, Functional Capacity and Visits to Primary Care

Introducción: El envejecimiento de la población es un tema de relevancia mundial. Si además lo asociamos a las enfermedades comórbidas, se convierte en un grave problema de salud pública. Entre estas, se sitúa la depresión. Esta enfermedad conlleva unas consecuencias catastróficas tanto a nivel psicológico, físico, social como económico. Se acepta que la falta de actividad física podría ser un factor de riesgo para los síndromes depresivos, disminuyendo la calidad de vida y capacidad funcional del adulto mayor, provocando un mayor gasto sanitario y una peor salud global. Objetivo: Conocer si existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la depresión, calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS), capacidad funcional y visitas de atención primaria en el adulto mayor físicamente activo frente al inactivo. Diseño: Estudio transversal donde se analizaron los datos del año 2019 con una muestra total de 2451 usuarios, 2238 eran físicamente activos y 213 inactivos. Resultados: Hay diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las personas mayores físicamente activas y las inactivas en la CVRS, evaluada con EQ-5D-3L: p=<0,001; en la depresión que se evaluó con GDS-VE: p=0,003; la capacidad funcional, medida a través del Back-Reach: p=<0,001; Functional-Reach: p=0,001; TUG: p=0,002; 6-min-walk: p=<0,001 y las visitas de atención primaria y enfermería: p=<0,001. Conclusiones: Existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los síntomas depresivos, la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud, la capacidad funcional y las visitas de atención primaria entre usuarios del programa de salud “El ejercicio te cuida” que eran físicamente activos y los que no lo eran.Introduction: Population aging is an issue of worldwide relevance. If we also associate it with comorbid diseases, it becomes a serious public health problem. Among these is depression. This disease has catastrophic psychological, physical, social and economic consequences. It is accepted that the lack of physical activity could be a risk factor for depressive syndromes, decreasing the quality of life and functional capacity of the elderly, leading to higher health care costs and poorer overall health. Objective: To determine the significant differences in depression, health-related quality of life, functional capacity and primary care visits in physically active versus inactive older adults. Design: Cross-sectional study where data from 2019 were analyzed with a total sample of 2451 users, 2238 were physically active and 213 inactive. Results: EQ-5D-3L: p=<0.001; GDS-VE: p=0.003; Back-Reach: p=<0.001; Functional-Reach: p=0.001; TUG: p=0.002; 6-min-walk: p=<0.001. Conclusions: There are statistically significant differences between physical activity level with depression, health-related quality of life, functional capacity and primary care visits

Agility and lower body strength and their relationship to Health-Related Quality of Life in physically active depressed older men

Introducción: La depresión en el adulto mayor es una enfermedad silenciosa que está preocupando a nivel mundial y compromete seriamente la calidad de vida de esta población hasta llegar a incapacitarla. Presenta difícil solución debido a diagnósticos tardíos, a sus características intrínsecas, comorbilidades e ineficacia de los tratamientos a estas edades. Centrar la atención en la mejora de la calidad de vida podría dar esperanza a los mayores con depresión para un envejecimiento saludable. Una óptima condición física podría mejorar la calidad de vida del mayor con depresión. Objetivo: Conocer la relación entre agilidad y fuerza de tren inferior con la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en hombres mayores con depresión. Diseño: Estudio transversal con 39 participantes, hombres mayores físicamente activos con depresión. Resultado: Se muestra una correlación inversa moderada (r=-0,37) entre la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud y agilidad. Con respecto a la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud y fuerza de tren inferior, existe una correlación directa moderada (r=0,33). Conclusiones: El hombre mayor con depresión físicamente activo con mayores niveles de fuerza de tren inferior y una mejor agilidad, podría tener mejor calidad de vida. Por lo tanto, la agilidad y la fuerza podrían correlacionar con la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en hombres mayores con depresión.Introduction: Depression in the elderly is a silent disease that is causing worldwide concern and seriously compromises the quality of life of this population to the point of incapacitation. It presents a diffi cult solution due to late diagnosis, its intrinsic characteristics, comorbidities and ineffectiveness of treatments at this age. Focusing attention on improving the quality of life could give hope to the elderly with depression for a healthy aging. It is recognized that an optimal physical condition improves the quality of life of the elderly with depression. Objective: To determine the relationship between agility and lower body strength with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in older men with depression. Design: Cross-sectional study with 39 physically active older men with depression. Results: A moderate inverse correlation (r=-0.37) between HRQoL and agility. Regarding HRQoL and lower body strength, there is a moderate direct correlation (r=0.33). Conclusions: The older man with depression who has a high level of lower-body strength and better agility may have better HRQoL. Therefore, agility and strength could be established as predictors of quality of life in older men with depression

The effect of vibration training on low back pain in sedentary women with fibromyalgia

La fibromialgia (FM) es un síndrome crónico caracterizado por dolor músculoesquelético generalizado y persistente que, junto con otra sintomatología, causa dificultades a nivel físico, cognitivo, emocional y social. Una de las zonas en las que las mujeres con FM pueden experimentar dolor es en la espalda baja o zona lumbar, máxime si tienen hábitos sedentarios. Los objetivos de este estudio incluyeron estudiar el efecto de un programa de entrenamiento utilizando vibración mecánica de cuerpo completo (VMCC) en el dolor de espalda baja en mujeres sedentarias con FM, así como estudiar la relación entre dolor de espalda y FM. 41 mujeres con FM con una edad media de 47 años (±10,5) participaron en este estudio. Las participantes fueron asignadas de forma aleatoria al grupo experimental que realizó una intervención de VMCC (n=21), mientras que el grupo control (n= 20) continuó con sus cuidados habituales. La intervención mediante VMCC consistió en realizar 6 repeticiones a 12,5 Hz, con una frecuencia de 3 sesiones por semana, durante un total de 12 semanas. Como instrumentos de medición se utilizaron el Cuestionario Roland Morris (RMQ) y el Cuestionario de Impacto de Fibromialgia (FIQ). Los resultados mostraron que FM y dolor lumbar están relacionados. Además, tras la realización del programa de entrenamiento no se obtuvieron diferencias significativas en el dolor de espalda baja entre las participantes de ambos grupos, por lo que el VMCC aplicado en las condiciones propuestas no parece ser una estrategia efectivaFibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic syndrome characterised by widespread and persistent musculoskeletal pain that, along with other symptoms, causes physical, cognitive, emotional and social issues. One of the areas in which women with FM may experience pain is in the lower back, especially if they lead a sedentary lifestyle. The aims of this study included studying the effect of a training programme using whole-body mechanical vibration (WBV) on low back pain in sedentary women with FM, as well as studying the relationship between back pain and FM. 41 women with FM with a mean age of 47 years (±10.5) participated in this study. Participants were randomly assigned to the experimental group that underwent a WBV intervention (n=21), while the control group (n=20) continued with their usual care. The WBV intervention consisted of 6 repetitions at 12,5 Hz, 3 sessions per week, for a total of 12 weeks. The Roland Morris Questionnaire (RMQ) and the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) were used as measurement instruments. The results showed that FM and low back pain are related. Moreover, after the training programme, no significant differences in low back pain were obtained between the participants of both groups, so that the VMCC applied under the proposed conditions does not seem to be an effective strateg

The Obesity Paradox: Associations between the Body Mass Index and Self-Perceived Health, Depression Status, and Pain Level in Older People

Population growth and physical inactivity have led to health and social consequences derived from chronic diseases and decreased quality of life in the elderly. Some research suggests that overweight in older people may not be associated with the negative effects on some health indicators. This study analysed the associations between Self-Perceived Health (SPH), Depression status, Pain Level, and Body Mass Index (BMI) in people over 70 years who are residents in Spain, with a final sample composed of 13,895 participants. A cross-sectional study using data from the European Health Surveys in Spain (EHIS2014 and 2020) and the National Health Survey (ENSE2017) was conducted. Dependency associations were observed between SPH, Depression Status, and Pain Level with BMI in the outcomes from the three surveys analysed (p < 0.001). Negative SPH, Depression Status, and Severe/Extreme Pain Degree prevalence were higher in the Underweight groups, being the lowest in Normal-weight and Overweight groups (p < 0.05). High levels of negative SPH, Depression, and Severe/Extreme Pain risks were found in the Underweight compared to the Normal-weight group, but not in Overweight ones. Overweight was not linked with an increased risk of the conditions analysed compared to the Normal-weight groups in older residents in Spain. The Underweight group presented the highest negative SPH prevalence, Depression, and Severe/Extreme Pain. Moreover, Obesity increased the negative SPH, Depression, and Pain Degree risks compared to the Normal-weight and Overweight groups in this population.The author Á.D.-Z. (FPU20/04201) was supported by a grant from the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport, Grant FPU20/04201 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, and, as appropriate, by “European Social Fund Investing in your future” or by “European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR”

Science Mapping: A Bibliometric Analysis on Cyberbullying and the Psychological Dimensions of the Self

Cyberbullying prevalence is increasing in the world, being a form of abuse that follows victims into their most intimate settings. Cyberbullying affects victims’ mental health, self-esteem, emotions, and academic performance. Cyberbullies present low levels of self-control and empathy. This research aimed to map scientific research on Cyberbullying and the Psychological Dimensions of the Self. A bibliometric analysis of scientific documents published in journals indexed in the Web of Science (WoS) was performed. Traditional bibliometric laws were applied and VOSviewer was used to generate visualizations. The annual publications followed exponential growth. Computers in Human Behaviour was the journal with the most publications. Researchers from the USA and Spain were the most prolific. Sameer Hinduja and Justin Patchin were the most cited authors. Hence, there is a growing interest among researchers in Cyberbullying and the emotional aspects of children and adolescents. The USA and Spain were the leading countries in research on this subject. Rosario Ortega-Ruiz, Sameer Hinduja and Justin Patchin were the most prolific and influential authors.The APC was funded by the Open Access Program of Universidad de Las Américas. Funding was provided by Internal Research Project Nº812022 of Universidad de Las Americas. The author Á.D.-Z. (FPU20/04201) was supported by a grant from the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture, and Sport. Grants FPU20/04201 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and, as appropriate, by “European Social Fund Investing in your future” or by “European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR”. We also thank the Universidad de Las Américas for their support of the Open Access initiative

Valores de alfabetización física en niños con edades comprendidas entre 8 y 12 en Extremadura: Estudio piloto

Evaluar la alfabetización física mediante el Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy (CAPL-2), en menores extremeños con edades comprendidas entre 8 y 12 años, establecer diferencias significativas entre sexos y establecer el nivel de alfabetización física de los niños/as extremeños estudiados con respecto a los valores de referencia canadienses. Material y métodos: En el estudio participaron 39 menores de entre 8 y 12 años (19 chicos y 20 chicas). La alfabetización física fue evaluada mediante el CAPL-2 con sus 4 dominios (Actividad física diaria, competencia física, motivación y confianza y conocimiento y comprensión). Resultados y discusión: Los resultados muestran que no existen diferencias significativas entre sexos para ningún dominio del CAPL-2, así como para ninguna de las pruebas incluidas en cada dominio. Además, se encontró un nivel de alfabetización física mayor en la muestra extremeña, respecto a los valores de referencia canadienses. Conclusiones: Se pudo afirmar que no existieron diferencias entre sexos para ninguno de los dominios de alfabetización física, así como una elevada alfabetización física de la muestra, respecto a los valores de referencia canadiensesTo assess physical literacy through the Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy (CAPL-2) in Extremadura children aged 8-12 years, to establish significant differences between sexes and the level of physical literacy of Extremadura children compared to Canadian reference values. Material and methods: The study involved 39 children between 8 and 12 years old (19 boys and 20 girls). Physical literacy was assessed through the CAPL-2 with its 4 domains (Daily physical activity, physical competence, motivation and confidence, and knowledge and understanding). Results and discussion: The results show that there are no significant differences between the sexes for any of the CAPL-2 domains, as well as for any of the tests included in each domain. In addition, a higher level of physical literacy was found in the Extremadura sample than in the Canadian reference values. Conclusions: It could be stated that there were no differences between the sexes for any of the physical literacy domains, as well as a high level of physical literacy in the sample, with respect to the Canadian reference value

Association between GHQ-12, Duke-UNC-11, Physical Activity, and Self-Perceived Health in Spanish Adults with Cancerous Tumours: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: In Spain, people who have overcome some type of cancer have significantly worse self-perceived health (SPH) and higher rates of depression than people who have never suffered any type of cancer. Objective: to explore the relationships among physical activity levels (PAL), perceived social support (PSS), and SPH in terms of mental health and its dimensions in Spanish adults with cancerous tumours. Methods: A correlational study rooted in the National Health Survey 2017 for adults was carried out, including 627 Spanish residents who reported having malignant tumours. Results: A dependent association was found between PAL and SPH (p p p p p p p p p < 0.001). Conclusions: Greater levels of physical activity are associated with larger mean scores in the three dimensions of mental health, perceived social support and self-perceived health in people with cancerous tumours

Relationship between Health-Related Quality of Life and Physical Activity in Children with Hyperactivity

The main purpose of this paper was to evaluate the relationship between health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and the frequency of physical activity in Spanish children aged 8 to 14 years with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Sample selection was performed using the data obtained from the children&rsquo;s questionnaire of the National Health Survey of Spain 2017 that is carried out with the children&rsquo;s parents, and that had an initial size of 6106 participants. After the application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the sample size was reduced to 496 subjects. Results show significant differences between the different levels of physical activity frequency, as well as a positive correlation of the average between HRQoL and ADHD. In conclusion, the practice of physical activity may contribute to the improvement of HRQoL in children with ADHD, possibly achieving greater benefits at higher levels of physical activity practice