The effect of different irrigation levels on the oleuropein contents of olive tree (Olea europaea L. cv. Memecik) in the western coastal region of Turkey

In this study, the effect of different irrigation levels on oleuropein content of olive (Olea europaea L. cv. Memecik) was researched in the Aegean Region during the crop season of 2007. Six different irrigation water levels of drip irrigation were tested using class A pan evaporation technique [I0 (kpc:0), I0.25 (kpc:0.25), I0.50 (kpc:0.50), I0.75 (kpc:0.75), I1.00 (kpc:1.00) and I1.25 (kpc:1.25)]. Oleuropein contents of olive leaves were detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Olive leaves showed considerable contents of oleuropein (16.25 ± 0.25%) collected from waterless regime applied trees during summer period. In the same regime, contents of oleuropein were decreased depending upon the increasing irrigation regimes: 0.25 (10.28 ± 0.13%); 0.50 (2.19 ± 0.12%); 0.75 (1.43 ± 0.03%); 1.00 (0.09 ± 0.05%), although in winter period, contents of oleuropein were approximately stable as 0.55 ± 0.01% in waterless regime (rain-fed olives), equal in 0.25 (0.25 ± 0.04%) and 0.50 (0.25 ± 0.01%), in 0.75 (0.21 ± 0.01%), 1.00 (0.16 ± 0.02%) and (0.14 ± 0.03%) in 1.25 irrigation regimes. Contents of oleuropein was observed to be increased inversely proportional with increased irrigation regimes in autumn period. The oleuropein values were 1.21 ± 0.01% in waterless, 0.76 ± 0.01% in 0.25 irrigation, 0.45 ± 0.03% in 0.50 irrigation, 0.44 ± 0.03% in 0.75 irrigation, 0.33 ± 0.01% in 1.00 irrigation and 0.25 ± 0.02% in 1.25 irrigation regimes. No important increase or decrease between contents of oleuropein depending upon the gradually increased irrigation regimes was observe in spring period [in waterless regime (0.51 ± 0.05%), 0.25 irrigation (0.39 ± 0.04%); 0.50 irrigation (0.38 ± 0.14%); 0.75 irrigation (0.11 ± 0.01%); 1.00 irrigation (0.55 ± 0.04%); and 1.25 irrigation (0.79 ± 0.06%)]. Statistically important increases in oleuropein contents were in inverse proportion with the exponential irrigation regimes.Key words: Olea europaea L., olive leaves, oleuropein, irrigation, seasonal variation

Crataegus Monogyna Subsp, Monogyna Jacq, ve C, Pentagyna Bieb. üzerinde araştırmalar

Bu tezin, veri tabanı üzerinden yayınlanma izni bulunmamaktadır. Yayınlanma izni olmayan tezlerin basılı kopyalarına Üniversite kütüphaneniz aracılığıyla (TÜBESS üzerinden) erişebilirsiniz.[Abstarct Not Available

Ege bölgesinde yayılış gösteren bazı Crataegus (Rosaceae: Maloideae) türlerinin anatomik özellikleri, kalsiyum okzalat kristalleri tipi ve tanenleri ve onların dağılış yerleri

At the anatomical sections of C. stevenii Pojark., C. pontica, C. Koch., C. orientalis Pallas ex Bieb. and C. dikmensis Pojark.(endemic) species grown in Aegean region, were distinguished according to the number of palisade layers which were only three layers in C. orientalis (two layers in the others) and according to the occurrance of sclerenchymatous cells above and under the xylem (C. orientalis and C. stevenii), and only above the xylem (C. dikmensis) and absence of sclerenchymatous cells in C. pontica. In the paranchymatous pith cells of the stem, the occurrance of oil cells was adistinctive character for C. dikmensis, tannin accumulation was for C. orientalis. Starch accumulation was the general characteristics of species. Distribution of calcium oxalate crystals between the species was according to the occurrence of druses in palisade parenchyma cells (C. pontica and C. orientalis), absence of druses in sponge parenchyma in general and only seen in C. pontica. In stems, druses were not seen generally, except C. dikmensis, instead of this occurrence of simple crystals around the sclerenchymatous cells or absence of this was the distinctive character of species (C. pontica and C. orientalis). Species also distributed according to the occurrence of simple crystals in sclerenchymatous cells of leaf middle vein cells (C. pontica), only in the collenchymatous cells which was near to the bottom epidermis (C. orientalis), and only in the collenchymatous cells near to upper epidermis (C. stevenii) and absence of simple crystals (C. dikmensis). Druses were present only in mesocarp cells of C. stevenii in fruit. Species were distributed according to the localization of the tannins in the collenchymatous cells of middle vein of leaf tissue (C. stevenii), in the periderm cells of stems in all species, and also both periderm and cortex collenchymatous cells (C. pontica and C. orientalis), and only in pith cells (C. orientalis). Tannins were observed generally in mesocarp cells (except C. pontica) and in exocarp cells (C.pontica) of fruits.Ege bölgesinde yayılış gösteren C. stevenii Pojark., C. pontica, C. Koch., C. orientalis Pallas ex Bieb. ve C. dikmensis Pojark. (endemik) türlerinden alınan anatomik kesitlerde tür-ler palizat tabakalarının sayısına göre C. orientalis’te üç tabakalı palizat parankiması (diğer türlerde iki sıralı) diğer türlerden farklı olarak saptanmış ve orta damar iletim demetinde skle-renkimatik hücrelerin sadece ksilemin üzerinde oluşuna (C. dikmensis) ve ksilemin altında ve üstünde sklerenkimanın oluşuna göre (C. stevenii ve C. orientalis) ayrılmaktadır. Gövdede ise öz bölgesindeki parankimatik hücrelerde yağ hücrelerinin varlığı C. dikmensis için, fılavonozit birikimi ise C. orientalis için ayırıcı bir özelliktir. Öz bölgesinde nişasta birikimi ise tüm türlerin genel bir özelliğidir. Ca okzalat kristallerinin türler arasında dağılışı: druzların palizat parankimasında olmasına (C. pontica ve C. orientalis), druzların palizatta olmamasına (C. stevenii ve C. dikmensis), druzların sünger parankimasında genellikle görülmemesine ve sadece bir türde (C. pontica) varlığına göre olmaktadır. Gövde de ise druzlar C. dikmensis haricinde genellikle gözlenmemekte, bunun yerine basit kristaller sklerenkimatik hücrelerin etrafındaki hücrelerde genelde bulunup buralarda bulunmayışlarına göre de (C. pontica, C. orientalis) türlerde ayrılabilmektedir. Yaprakta ise basit kristaller; orta damardaki kollenkimatik hücrelerde (C. pontica), sadece alt epidermise bakan kollenkimatik hücrelerde (C. orientalis), sadece üst epidermise yakın kollenkima hücrelerinde (C. stevenii) bulunuşuna ve hiç bulunmamasına (C. dikmensis) göre türler ayrılmaktadır. Meyvede ise sadece C. stevenii’de mezokarpta druz kristali vardır. Tanenlerin yaprak dokusunun orta damar iletim demetinin kollenkimatik dokularında (C. stevenii), tüm türlerde gövdenin periderminde ve aynı zamanda hem periderm hem de korteks kollenkimasında (C. pontica ve C. orientalis), ve sadece öz bölgesinde (C. orientalis) lokalize olmasına göre türler ayrılmaktadır. Meyvede ise tanenler genellikle mezokarp hücrelerinde (C. pontica hariç) ve ekzokarp hücrelerinde (C. pontica) gözlenmektedir

Ege bölgesinde yayılış gösteren bazı Crataegus türlerinin anatomisi ve flavonoid glikosidlerinin analizi

Bu tezin, veri tabanı üzerinden yayınlanma izni bulunmamaktadır. Yayınlanma izni olmayan tezlerin basılı kopyalarına Üniversite kütüphaneniz aracılığıyla (TÜBESS üzerinden) erişebilirsiniz.VI ABSTRACT In this study, morpholojic and anatomic studies are made on genus Crataegus, and in anatomical sections special characters of species and the localization of ilavonoid glycosides in different tissues are examined. In addition flavonoid glycosides of some Crataegus species are purified with two dimentional paper chromatography from total Ilavonoid extract. The structure of 9 main isolated llavonoids. 3'-0-arabinosyI-quercetin (Crateside). quercetin-3-O-rhamnogalaetoside. 2"-0-rhamnosyl-vitexin. saponaretin rhamnoside. apigenin 6,8-Di-C-glycoside. 2"-0-rhamnosyl-iso\ itexin. 8-methoxy kampherol-3-O-p-D-glucoside (glogoside). 3-hvdroxy-4'-metoxy flavone and homo orientine rhamnoside are identified with chromatographic and UV spectroscopic investigations. ?=>v Keywords: Crataegus, flavanoids. anatomy.ÖZET Ege Bölgesinde Yayılış Gösteren Bazı Crataegus türlerinin AnatomisiveFlavoııoid Glikosid'lerinin Analizi DEMİ RAY. Hatice Doktora Tezi, Botanik Anabilim Dalı Tez Yöneticisi: Prof.Dr.Bilkan Özörgücü Aralık, 1996. 99 sayla Ege Bölgesinde yayılış gösteren Crataegus türleriyle morfolojik ve anatomik çalışmalar yapılarak, türlere özgü yapısal karakterler ve dokularda etken maddenin yeri saptanmaya çalışılmıştır. Ayrıca Crataegus türlerinin yaprak (Folia Crafa?g//Jekstraktında bulunan flavonoid glikosidler total olarak elde edildikten sonra iki boyutlu kağıt kromatografisiyle saflandırılmıştır. İzole edilen 9 ana flavonoidin yapısı kromatogralik ve UV spektroskopik incelemelerle, 3'-0-arabinosil kersetin (kratesid), kersetin-3-0-ramnogalaktosid, 2"- O-ramnosil-viteksin, saponaretin ramnosid. apigenin 6.8-di-C-glikosidi. 2"-0-ram- nosil-isoviteksin, 8-metoksi kemferol-3-0-[î-D-glukosid(glogosid), 3-hidroksi-4'- metoksi flavon, bomoorientin ramnosid olarak saptanmıştır

Effects of excess and deficient boron and niacin on the ultrastructure of root cells in Daucus carota cv. Nantes

WOS: 000321228000016The effects of excess and deficient boron and niacin on vascular tissues of carrot roots (Daucus carota L. cv. Nantes) were investigated in plants grown in medium both rich and poor in boron and also boron with niacin. Five media were investigated: control (MS medium), boron-deficient MS medium, MS medium with excess boron, niacin-deficient MS medium, MS medium with niacin excess, and MS medium with excess boron and niacin. In anatomical cross sections, lignification was seen in middle lamellar pectins in the tracheary cells of boron deficit grown carrot roots, while in the other applications including excess boron lignification was in the secondary walls. Number of xylem arches and tracheary lengths of root cells were different, but not significantly so. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) sections of vessels from roots grown in media with excess boron and deficient boron revealed paramural bodies in the tracheary walls. Paramural bodies were found in the tracheary cell walls of both boron deficient and boron excess grown carrot roots. In root cells grown in media with excess and deficient boron, tracheary cells had amyloplasts. While the boron deficient medium grown carrot roots had amyloplasts scarcely, in boron excess grown root cells these amyloplasts filled the vessels densely