Estimation of tungsten and ODS tungsten damages after dense plasma exposure in PF-12 and PF-1000

The paper presents experimental investigations of damages in pure tungsten and ODS (oxide dispersed strengthened) tungsten under dense plasma shots. The experiments were performed with plasma focus devices PF-12 and PF-1000 with a power flux density of 10⁶…10¹² W/cm² using deuterium. The surface morphology of the targets exposed to plasma streams is analyzed using electron and optical microscopy. Due to the plasma effect, different surface structures, such as wave-like structures, a melted layer, a mesh of microcracks, droplets, craters, crevices and holes appear. Both the original and irradiated samples were investigated by local X-ray spectroscopic analysis and by X-ray phase-shift analysis.Представлены результаты исследований повреждений в чистом вольфраме и вольфраме, легированном дисперсными, оксидами под воздействием плотной плазмы. Эксперименты были проведены на установках плазменный фокус ПФ-12 и ПФ-1000 в дейтериевой плазме с плотностью мощности 10⁶…10¹² W/cm². Морфология поверхностей мишеней, облученных плазменными потоками, была исследована с помощью сканирующего электронного микроскопа и оптического микроскопа. На поверхности материала были обнаружены различные дефекты, такие как расплавленный слой, волнообразные структуры, сеть микротрещин, брызги, кратеры, наплывы и поры. Оба материала до и после облучения также исследовались с помощью рентгеноспектрального и рентгеновского фазового анализов.Представлені результати досліджень пошкоджень у чистому вольфрамі та вольфрамі, легованому дисперсними, оксидами під впливом густої плазми. Експерименти були проведені на установках плазмовий фокус ПФ-12 та ПФ-1000 на дейтерієвій плазмі з густиною потужності 10⁶…10¹² W/cm². Морфологія поверхонь мішеней, опромінених плазмовими потоками, була досліджена за допомогою скануючого електронного мікроскопа та оптичного мікроскопа. На поверхні матеріалу були виявлені різні дефекти, такі як розплавлений шар, хвилеподібні структури, сітка мікротріщин, бризки, кратери, напливи і пори. Обидва матеріали до і після опромінення також досліджувалися за допомогою рентгеноспектрального й рентгенівського фазового аналізів

ВСПЫШКА ОСТРОЙ КИШЕЧНОЙ ИНФЕКЦИИ ЭНТЕРОВИРУСНОЙ ЭТИОЛОГИИ В САХАЛИНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ В АВГУСТЕ 2010 ГОДА

The investigation of cases of acute intestinal infections in the Sakhalin region of Russia in August, 2010 is described. Epidemiological and molecular biological studies were conducted. After initial PCR screening and determining the nucleotide sequences of the positive samples the following enteroviruses were found: Coxsackie A2 — 42 samples (45%), Coxsackie A4 — 31 sample (34%), Enterovirus 71 — 6 samples (6,5%), Coxsackievirus B5 — 6 samples (6,5%), Coxsackie B3 — 4 samples (4%) and Coxsackie B1 — 4 samples (4%). The phylogenetic analysis of sequences showed that the closest analogues for the nucleotide sequences of these genotypes were previously identified in Japan, Korea and China in 2000–2010.В данной статье описано расследование случаев острой кишечной инфекции (ОКИ), зарегистрированных в Сахалинской области в августе 2010 г. Проведены эпидемиологические и молекулярно-биологические исследования. После скринингового ПЦР-исследования на различные возбудители ОКИ и определения нуклеотидных последовательностей в положительных образцах были идентифицированы энтеровирусы: Коксаки А2 — 42 образца (45%), Коксаки А4 — 31 образец (34%), энтеровирус 71 — 6 образцов (6,5%), Коксаки В5 — 6 образцов (6,5%), Коксаки В3 — 4 образца (4%) и Коксаки В1 — 4 образца (4%). Филогенетический анализ показал, что наиболее близкие по нуклеотидным последовательностям прототипы этих генотипов уже выявлены в Японии, Корее и Китае в 2000–2010 гг

Research on interactions of intense deuterium plasma streams with SiC targets in plasma-focus experiments

The paper presents results of experimental research on emission of the visible radiation (VR) from intense deuterium plasma streams propagating freely within a vacuum chamber or interacting with silicon-carbide (SiC) targets. The investigated pulsed plasma streams were generated by high-current discharges realized within two facilities of the Plasma-Focus (PF) type, i.e. within the PF-1000U facility operated at the IFPiLM and the PF-360U device operated at the NCBJ. Detailed measurements have been carried out using optical emission spectroscopy (OES) technique. Parameters of plasma were estimated from the Dα line only. Structural changes of the irradiated SiC targets were analyzed by means of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS).Представлены результаты экспериментальных исследований по эмиссии видимого излучения из интенсивных дейтериевых плазменных потоков свободно распространяющихся в вакуумной камере или взаимодействующих с SiC-мишенями. Исследуемые импульсные плазменные потоки генерировались высокоточными разрядами на двух установках типа плазменный фокус (ПФ). А именно, установка PF-1000U, работающая в IFPiLM, и PF-360U, работающая в NCBJ. Детальные измерения были проведены с использованием оптической эмиссионной спектроскопии (ОЭС). Параметры плазмы были оценены из Dα-линии. Структурные изменения облучаемых SiC-образцов были проанализированы с помощью сканирующего электронного микроскопа (СЭM) и энергии рентгеновского спектрометра (ЭРС).Представлено результати експериментальних досліджень з емісії видимого випромінювання з інтенсивних дейтерієвих плазмових потоків, що вільно розповсюджуються у вакуумній камері чи взаємодіють з SiC-мішенями. Імпульсні плазмові потоки, що досліджувались, генерувались високоточними розрядами на двох установках типу плазмовий фокус (ПФ). А саме, установка PF-1000U, що функціонує в IFPiLM, та PF-360U – у NCBJ. Детальні вимірювання були проведені за допомогою оптичної емісіонної спектроскопії (OEС). Параметри плазми були оцінені з Dα-лінії. Структурні зміни опромінених SiC-мішеней проаналізовані за допомогою скануючого електронного мікроскопа (СEM) та енергії рентгенівського спектрометра (EРС)

A Case-Study of Inclusion of an Intellectually Gifted Adolescent with Autism Spectrum Disorder in a General Education School: Risk Factors and Developmental Resources

The article examines the case of integration of an intellectually gifted adolescent with autism spectrum disorder in a general education school. It provides results of the applied behavioral analysis aimed at developing general learning skills. The child, diagnosed with Asperger’s syndrome at early school age, encountered difficulties related to the inability to study effectively at school in spite of the clear evidence of intellectual giftedness (including such motivational and instrumental preconditions as high levels of cognitive interest, verbal and abstract reasoning, and educability). The article reflects on the risks and advantages of the developmental work with the “twice exceptional” adolescent following an individual behavioral plan. Based on the results of the study, the article outlines the possible ways of forming the learning behavior skills: learning activity-based, communicative and organizational. The article discusses the necessity of further support of the “twice exceptional” adolescent based on an integrated approach with regard to the special learning needs of the intellectually gifted adolescent

Analysis of Photoelectric Occultations and Development of a Digital Model of the Lunar Libration Zone

Abstract: One of the priority tasks of modern astronomy is the observation and study of transient celestial processes, which also concerns photoelectric observations of lunar occultations of stars. These measurements provide unique and important material both for determining the star diameters from a diffraction curve analysis regarding the change in the brightness of the star occulted by the Moon and for developing a model of the lunar libration zone. This paper is focused on building a digital model of isohypses (DMI) characterizing the position of 40 000 selenocentric radius vectors depending on the position of the lunar limb

Studying the fractal properties of Ceres

Currently, the asteroid Ceres belongs to small celestial bodies with the most well-known physical parameters. The study of the structural and real properties of Ceres is an urgent and modern task, the solution of which will make it possible to develop the evolutionary theory of a minor planet. In this work, the fractal properties of the dwarf planet Ceres were analyzed using data from the Dawn space mission. Using the expansion in a harmonic series in spherical functions the height parameters of the structural model of Ceres, a 3D model of Ceres was constructed. The analysis showed that the resulting system has a complex multiparameter fractal configuration. The study of such objects requires the use of harmonic multiparameter methods. Multivariate fractal analysis allows to represent systems similar to the Ceres model in the form of a spectrum of fractal dimensions. The advantage of fractal analysis is the ability to explore local areas of the physical surface. In this work, the Minkowski algorithm was used for this purpose. At the final stage, an overdetermined system was solved for various local areas of topocentric information in order to postulate a model that takes into account external measures. Fractal dimensions D are determined for local regions and the entire model of the planet. Fractal dimensions vary from 1.37 to 1.92 depending on the longitude and latitude of Ceres. The main results are as follows: 1) the structure of the Ceres surface varies more strongly in longitude; 2) the structure of Ceres is smoother in latitude; 3) the coefficient of self-similarity changes rather quickly in longitude, which indicates that different local regions of the minor planet were formed under the influence of various physical processes. It is necessary to emphasize that the resulting fractal dimensions are significantly scattered both in longitude and latitude of Ceres. This fact confirms the presence of a complex structure in the spatial model of a minor planet. This also applies to the actual physical surface of Ceres. The results of the work allow us to conclude that fractal modeling can give independent values of the fractal dimension both for the entire model of Ceres and for its local macrostructural regions

Materials based on protein-contained chitosan-g-oligo-/polylactide copolymers synthesized through mechanochemical approach

WBI Bilateral agreement with Sechenov University (Moscow

The analysis of Titan's physical surface using multifractal geometry methods

Titan makes up 95% of the mass of all 82 satellites of Saturn. Titan's diameter is 5152 km, which means that it is larger than the Moon by 50%, and it is also significantly larger than Mercury. On the satellite, a subsurface ocean is possible, the theory of the presence of which has already been advanced earlier by some scientists. It is located under a layer of ice and consists of 10% ammonia, which is a natural antifreeze for it and does not allow the ocean to freeze. On the one hand, the ocean contains a huge amount of salt, which makes the likelihood of life in it hardly possible. But on the other hand, since chemical processes constantly occur on Titan, forming molecules of complex hydrocarbon substances, this can lead to the emergence of the simplest forms of life. There are limitations on the probabilistic and statistical approaches, since not every process and not every result (form and structure of the system) is probabilistic in nature. In contrast to this, fractal analysis allows one to study the structure of complex objects, taking into account their qualitative specifics, for example, the relationship between the structure and the processes of its formation. When constructing a harmonic model of Titan, the method of decomposition of topographic information into spherical functions was used. As a result, based on the harmonic analysis of the Cassini mission data, a topographic model of Titan was created. In the final form, the model describing Titan's surface includes the expansion of the height parameter depending on the spherical coordinates into a slowly converging regression series of spherical harmonics. For modeling surface details of the surface on a scale of 1 degree requires analysis of the (180 + 1)2 harmonic expansion coefficients. An over determined topographic information system was solved to meet the regression modelling conditions. In this case, a number of qualitative stochastic data, such as external measures, were used together with the standard postulation of the harmonic system of the Titan model. As a result of a sampling of self-similar regions (with close values of the self-similarity coefficients) on the surface of Titan, coinciding with the SRGB parameter (characterizes the color fractal dimension), the elements of the satellite's surface were determined, which with a high degree of probability were evolutionarily formed under the action of the same selenochemical processes