Leczniczy efekt heparyny w przebiegu ostrego zapalenia trzustki wywołanego ceruleiną

Wprowadzenie: Wyniki wcześniejszych badań eksperymentalnych wykazały, że podanie heparyny przed wywołaniem ostrego zapalenia trzustki hamuje rozwój tego zapalenia oraz że podawanie heparyny w trakcie przebiegu ostrego zapalenia trzustki wywołanego niedotlenieniem z reperfuzją wywołuje działanie lecznicze. Cel: Celem badań było określenie wpływu podawania heparyny na przebieg ostrego zapalenia trzustki wywołanego czynnikiem pierwotnie pozanaczyniowym. Materiał i metody: Badania przeprowadzono na szczurach rasy Wistar. Ostre zapalenie trzustki wywołano przy użyciu ceruleiny. Ciężkość ostrego zapalenia trzustki określano między 1. a 10. dniem zapalenia. Heparynę podawano podskórnie 2 razy dziennie w dawce 150 U/kg m.c., zaczynając dzień po podaniu ceruleiny. Wyniki: Przyjmowanie heparyny w przebiegu ostrego zapalenia trzustki wywołanego ceruleiną znamiennie zmniejszało aktywność lipazy i stężenie prozapalnej interleukiny 1β w osoczu. Efekty te występowały wspólnie z częściowym odwróceniem, wywołanego zapaleniem trzustki, spadku trzustkowej syntezy DNA oraz poprawą trzustkowego przepływu krwi. Czas kaolinowo-kefalinowy przedłużył się, podczas gdy osoczowe stężenie D-dimeru się zmniejszyło. Nastąpiła także wcześniejsza normalizacja morfologii trzustki w ocenie histologicznej. Wnioski: Heparyna wykazuje działanie lecznicze w ostrym obrzękowym zapaleniu trzustki, prowadząc do wcześniejszej normalizacji biochemicznych wskaźników ciężkości ostrego zapalenia trzustki, oraz przyspiesza regenerację trzustki w przebiegu tej choroby.Introduction: Previous experimental studies have shown that pretreatment with heparin inhibits the development of acute pancreatitis, and administration of heparin after development of ischaemia/reperfusion-induced pancreatitis exhibits a therapeutic effect in this disease. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the influence of heparin administration on the course of acute pancreatitis evoked by a primary non-vascular mechanism. Material and methods: The study was performed on Wistar rats. Acute pancreatitis was induced by cerulein. The severity of acute pancreatitis was evaluated between the first and tenth day of inflammation. Heparin was administered subcutaneously twice a day at the dose of 150 U/kg, starting 24 h after cerulein administration. Results: Treatment with heparin, after the development of cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis, significantly reduced plasma activity of lipase and plasma concentration of pro-inflammatory interleukin-1β. These effects were associated with a partial reversion of the pancreatitis-evoked drop in pancreatic DNA synthesis and the improvement of pancreatic blood flow. The activated partial thromboplastin time was prolonged, whereas plasma level of D-dimer was reduced. Histological features showed faster normalization of pancreatic morphology. Conclusions: Heparin exhibits a healing effect in the course of oedematous pancreatitis, leading to faster normalization of biochemical markers of acute pancreatitis severity, as well as accelerating the pancreatic regeneration

Pioglitazone, a specific ligand of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, protects pancreas against acute cerulein-induced pancreatitis

AIM: To determine the effect of pioglitazone, a specific peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) ligand, on the development of acute pancreatitis (AP) and on the expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in the pancreas. METHODS: AP was induced in rats by subcutaneous infusion of cerulein for 5 h. Pancreatic blood flow was measured by laser Doppler flowmetry. Plasma lipase activity, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-10 were determined. Pancreatic weight and histology were evaluated and pancreatic DNA synthesis and blood flow as well as pancreatic mRNA for IL-1β and HSP70 were assessed in rats treated with pioglitazone alone or in combination with cerulein. RESULTS: Pioglitazone administered (10-100 mg/kg i.g.) 30 min before cerulein, attenuated dose-dependently the pancreatic tissue damage in cerulein-induced pancreatitis (CIP) as demonstrated by the improvement of pancreatic histology, reduction in plasma lipase activity, plasma concentration of pro-inflammatory IL-1β and its gene expression in the pancreas and attenuation of the pancreatitis-evoked fall in pancreatic blood flow. CIP increased pancreatic HSP70 mRNA and protein expression in the pancreas and this effect was enhanced by pioglitazone treatment. CONCLUSION: Pioglitazone attenuates CIP and the beneficial effect of this pioglitazone is multifactorial probably due to its anti-inflammatory activities, to the suppression of IL-1β and to the overexpression of HSP70. PPARγ ligands could represent a new therapeutic option in the treatment of AP

Protective effect of pretreatment with acenocoumarol in cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis

Coagulation is recognized as a key player in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The aim of the current research was to examine the effect of pretreatment with acenocoumarol on the development of acute pancreatitis (AP) evoked by cerulein. Methods: AP was induced in rats by cerulein administered intraperitoneally. Acenocoumarol (50, 100 or 150 µg/kg/dose/day) or saline were given once daily for seven days before AP induction. Results: In rats with AP, pretreatment with acenocoumarol administered at the dose of 50 or 100 µg/kg/dose/day improved pancreatic histology, reducing the degree of edema and inflammatory infiltration, and vacuolization of acinar cells. Moreover, pretreatment with acenocoumarol given at the dose of 50 or 100 µg/kg/dose/day reduced the AP-evoked increase in pancreatic weight, serum activity of amylase and lipase, and serum concentration of pro-inflammatory interleukin-1β, as well as ameliorated pancreatic DNA synthesis and pancreatic blood flow. In contrast, acenocoumarol given at the dose of 150 μg/kg/dose did not exhibit any protective effect against cerulein-induced pancreatitis. Conclusion: Low doses of acenocoumarol, given before induction of AP by cerulein, inhibit the development of that inflammation

Ischemic preconditioning inhibits development of edematous cerulein-induced pancreatitis : involvement of cyclooxygenases and heat shock protein 70

AIM: To determine whether ischemic preconditioning (IP) affects the development of edematous cerulein-induced pancreatitis and to assess the role of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), COX-2, and heat shock protein 70 (HSP 70) in this process. METHODS: In male Wistar rats, IP was performed by clamping of celiac artery (twice for 5 min at 5-min intervals). Thirty minutes after IP or sham operation, acute pancreatitis was induced by cerulein. Activity of COX-1 or COX-2 was inhibited by resveratrol or rofecoxib, respectively (10 mg/kg). RESULTS: IP significantly reduced pancreatic damage in cerulein-induced pancreatitis as demonstrated by the improvement of pancreas histology, reduction in serum lipase and poly-C ribonuclease activity, and serum concentration of pro-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-1β. Also, IP attenuated the pancreatitis-evoked fall in pancreatic blood flow and pancreatic DNA synthesis. Serum level of anti-inflammatory IL-10 was not affected by IP. Cerulein-induced pancreatitis and IP increased the content of HSP 70 in the pancreas. Maximal increase in HSP 70 was observed when IP was combined with cerulein-induced pancreatitis. Inhibition of COXs, especially COX-2, reduced the protective effect of IP in edematous pancreatitis. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that IP reduces pancreatic damage in cerulein-induced pancreatitis and this effect, at least in part, depends on the activity of COXs and pancreatic production of HSP 70