1,035 research outputs found
Developing a Short-term International Study-abroad Program: From Beginning to End
TOPIC: Short-term international immersion experiences have proven to be an excellent strategy for nursing programs to use as a way for students to develop cultural competence.
PURPOSE: The purpose of this article is to describe a faculty led short-term nursing study abroad program for undergraduate nursing students to Grenada. A two week study abroad program for seven undergraduate nursing students and two faculty member was organized in partnership with St. Georges University School of Nursing in Grenada.
SOURCES OF INFORMATION: The author describes the process of program development that includes the selection of the host country to post travel activities. The author describes how immediately upon arriving in Grenada, the students began their transformational process to becoming more culturally competent, and how adopting the home-stay model ensured greater cultural immersion. The home-stay model provided the students with immediate entry into the cultural environment
CONCLUSION: Participation in a short-term study abroad program contributed to students’ self-confidence and fostered leadership growth
Influence of a transverse static magnetic field on the magnetic hyperthermia properties and high-frequency hysteresis loops of ferromagnetic FeCo nanoparticles
The influence of a transverse static magnetic field on the magnetic
hyperthermia properties is studied on a system of large-losses ferromagnetic
FeCo nanoparticles. The simultaneous measurement of the high-frequency
hysteresis loops and of the temperature rise provides an interesting insight
into the losses and heating mechanisms. A static magnetic field of only 40 mT
is enough to cancel the heating properties of the nanoparticles, a result
reproduced using numerical simulations of hysteresis loops. These results cast
doubt on the possibility to perform someday magnetic hyperthermia inside a
magnetic resonance imaging setup.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure
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Changing Patterns of Sexual Risk Behavior Among London Gay Men: 1998-2008
Objectives: To examine changes in the sexual behavior of London gay men between 1998 and 2008.
Methods: Gay men using London gyms were surveyed annually between 1998 and 2005, and again in 2008 (n = 6064; range, 482–834 per year). Information was collected on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status of the respondent, unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) in the previous 3 months, type (main or casual) and HIV status of partner for UAI. Nonconcordant UAI (ncUAI) was defined as UAI with a partner of unknown or discordant HIV status. Concordant UAI (cUAI) was defined as UAI with a partner of the same HIV status (“serosorting”).
Results: Between 1998 and 2008, the percentage of men reporting UAI increased from 24.3% to 36.6% (P = 0.07). This overall increase concealed important differences between nonconcordant and concordant UAI. While the percentage of men engaging in cUAI increased steadily between 1998 and 2008 (9.8%, 20.8%; P = 0.01), the percentage reporting ncUAI increased between 1998 and 2001 (14.5%, 23.7%; P < 0.001), decreased between 2001 and 2005 (23.7%, 15.6%; P < 0.001), and then leveled off between 2005 and 2008 (15.6%, 15.7%; P = 0.2). However, the percentage of men reporting ncUAI with a main partner increased between 2005 and 2008 for HIV-positive men (2.5%, 8.1%; P < 0.05) and HIV negative men (2.1%, 5.5%; P = 0.06). While the percentage of HIV negative men who reported cUAI with a main partner (i.e., serosorting) increased between 1998 and 2008 (12.4%, 21.1%; P < 0.05), less than half established seroconcordance by testing together.
Conclusions: The patterns of sexual behavior among London's gay men between 1998 and 2008 were dynamic and complex. Our data suggest that HIV risk with a main partner and HIV testing among couples should be given greater priority by health promotion programmes
Trends and predictors of linkage to HIV outpatient care following diagnosis in the era of expanded testing in England, Wales and Northern Ireland: Results of a national cohort study
OBJECTIVES: We explore trends in linkage to HIV care following diagnosis and investigate the impact of diagnosis setting on linkage in the era of expanded testing. METHODS: All adults (aged ≥ 15 years) diagnosed with HIV between 2005 and 2014 in England, Wales and Northern Ireland (EW&NI) were followed up until the end of 2017. People who died within 1 month of diagnosis were excluded (n = 1009). Trends in linkage to outpatient care (time to first CD4 count) were examined by sub-population and diagnosis setting. Logistic regression identified predictors of delayed linkage of > 1 month, > 3 months and > 1 year post-diagnosis (2012-2014). RESULTS: Overall, 97% (60 250/62 079) of people linked to care; linkage ≤ 1 month was 75% (44 291/59 312), ≤ 3 months was 88% (52 460) and ≤ 1 year was 95% (56 319). Median time to link declined from 15 days [interquartile range (IQR): 4-43] in 2005 to 6 (IQR: 0-20) days in 2014 (similar across sub-populations/diagnosis settings). In multivariable analysis, delayed linkage to care was associated with acquiring HIV through injecting drug use, heterosexual contact or other routes compared with sex between men (> 1 month/3 months/1 year), being diagnosed in earlier years (> 1 month/3 months/1 year) and having a first CD4 ≥ 200 cells/μL (> 3 months/1 year). Diagnosis outside of sexual health clinics, antenatal services and infectious disease units predicted delays of > 1 month. By 3 months, only diagnosis in 'other' settings (prisons, drug services, community and other medical settings) was significant. CONCLUSIONS: Linkage to care following HIV diagnosis is relatively timely in EW&NI. However, non-traditional testing venues should have well-defined referral pathways established to facilitate access to care and treatment
Trends in HIV testing and recording of HIV status in the UK primary care setting: a retrospective cohort study 1995-2005
Objectives: To provide nationally representative data on trends in HIV testing in primary care and to estimate the proportion of diagnosed HIV positive individuals known to general practitioners (GPs). Methods: We undertook a retrospective cohort study between 1995 and 2005 of all general practices contributing data to the UK General Practice Research Database (GPRD), and data on persons accessing HIV care (Survey of Prevalent HIV Infections Diagnosed). We identified all practice-registered patients where an HIV test or HIV positive status is recorded in their general practice records. HIV testing in primary care and prevalence of recorded HIV positive status in primary care were estimated. Results: Despite 11-fold increases in male testing and 19-fold increases in non-pregnant female testing between 1995 and 2005, HIV testing rates remained low in 2005 at 71.3 and 61.2 tests per 100 000 person years for males and females, respectively, peaking at 162.5 and 173.8 per 100 000 person years at 25–34 years of age. Inclusion of antenatal tests yielded a 129-fold increase in women over the 10-year period. In 2005, 50.7% of HIV positive individuals had their diagnosis recorded with a lower proportion in London (41.8%) than outside the capital (60.1%). Conclusion: HIV testing rates in primary care remain low. Normalisation of HIV testing and recording in primary care in antenatal testing has not been accompanied by a step change in wider HIV testing practice. Recording of HIV positive status by GPs remains low and GPs may be unaware of HIV-related morbidity or potential drug interactions
Primary care consultations and costs among HIV-positive individulas in UK primary care 1995-2005: a cohort study
Objectives: To investigate the role of primary care in the management of HIV and estimate primary care-associated costs at a time of rising prevalence.
Methods: Retrospective cohort study between 1995 and 2005, using data from general practices contributing data to the UK General Practice Research Database. Patterns of consultation and morbidity and associated consultation costs were analysed among all practice-registered patients for whom HIV-positive status was recorded in the general practice record.
Results: 348 practices yielded 5504 person-years (py) of follow-up for known HIV-positive patients, who consult in general practice frequently (4.2 consultations/py by men, 5.2 consultations/py by women, in 2005) for a range of conditions. Consultation rates declined in the late 1990s from 5.0 and 7.3 consultations/py in 1995 in men and women, respectively, converging to rates similar to the wider population. Costs of consultation (general practitioner and nurse, combined) reflect these changes, at ÂŁ100.27 for male patients and ÂŁ117.08 for female patients in 2005. Approximately one in six medications prescribed in primary care for HIV-positive individuals has the potential for major interaction with antiretroviral medications.
Conclusion: HIV-positive individuals known in general practice now consult on a similar scale to the wider population. Further research should be undertaken to explore how primary care can best contribute to improving the health outcomes of this group with chronic illness. Their substantial use of primary care suggests there may be potential to develop effective integrated care pathways
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