48 research outputs found

    Contribution Ă  l’étude expĂ©rimentale de l’écoulement de l’eau dans les tuyaux de drainage

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    A contribution to the experimental study of flow conditions in drainage ducts. Since their flow experiments with earthenware drains, the results of which were presented at the International Rural Engineering Congress in Brussels in 1958, the Authors have continued their tests with rigid 46/49 mm polyvinyl chloride pipes. Transverse slots spaced 120° apart were sawn in these pipes at regular 11 cm intervals, so as to provide a practically identical penetration surface for the water over a length of 33 cms, which is roughly the length of an earthenware drain. The following series of tests were carried out : 1) Laboratory tests : a) A study of flow conditions in the above pipes, in order to determine the Chezy and Mann-ing-Strickler numbers ; b) A drainage study on the same pipes, with surrounding earth and sand respectively. 2) Field tests : A comparison with the flow conditions obtained for earthenware pipes.A la suite des expĂ©riences d'Ă©coulement dans des drains en poterie dont les rĂ©sultats ont Ă©tĂ© prĂ©sentĂ©s au CongrĂšs International du GĂ©nie Rural de Bruxelles en 1958, nous avons continuĂ© nos essais avec des tuyaux en chlorure de polyvinyle rigide de 46/49 mm. Des fentes transversales ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©es, au moyen d'une scie, tous les 11 cm et Ă  120° les unes des autres, de sorte que pour une longueur de 33 cm (voisine de la longueur d'un drain en poterie) la surface disponible pour la pĂ©nĂ©tration de l'eau soit sensiblement identique. Plusieurs sĂ©ries d'essais ont Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©es : 1° Au laboratoire : a) Etude de l'Ă©coulement dans ces tuyaux, pour la dĂ©termination des coefficients de ChĂ©zy et de Manning-Strickler ; b) Etude du drainage au moyen de ces tuyaux dans de la terre rapportĂ©e et dans du sable. 2° Sur le terrain : Comparaison de l'Ă©coulement avec celui obtenu par des tuyaux de poterie.Dellenbach P., Chabert-Ostland F. de, Audibert M. Contribution Ă  l’étude expĂ©rimentale de l’écoulement de l’eau dans les tuyaux de drainage. In: L'hydraulique souterraine. Compte rendu des sixiĂšmes journĂ©es de l'hydraulique, Nancy, 28-30 juin 1960. Tome 1, 1961

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    Cognitive abilities in old age: results from the Zurich Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Aging

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    The Zurich Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Aging (ZULU) is an ongoing longitudinal study on the structure and development of cognition in old age. At the first assessment, the N = 364 participants had an average age of 73 years (age range: 65–80 years), and 46% were female. In total, a battery of 14 cognitive tests, including five consecutive verbal learning trials, were administered and adequately described by a measurement model of six first-order factors (processing speed, working memory, reasoning, learning, memory, and verbal knowledge) and one second-order factor of general cognitive ability. The cross-sectional age relations of the six cognitive abilities were, apart from processing speed and verbal knowledge, mediated by the general cognitive ability factor. From a conceptual perspective, these results imply that cognitive aging is not a completely uniform process driven by a single causal variable
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