The Murciano-Almerian non nitrophilous therophytic grasslands

Se presenta la primera aproximación global al conocimiento e interpretación de los pastizales terofíticos no nitrófilos murciano-almerienses, realizada desde la óptica de la fitosociología integrada. El análisis se llevó a cabo con 190 inventarios fitosociológicos, utilizando métodos de ordenación clásicos y multivariantes (análisis de correspondencias), así como una profunda revisión bibliográfica. Se han reconocido 25 comunidades o asociaciones vegetales pertenecientes a las clases Helianthemetea guttati (18), Saginetea maritimae (3), Thero-Salicornietea (3) e Isoeto-Nanojuncetea (1). Se proponen como nuevas las cinco asociaciones que se recogen en el resumen en inglés.The present paper is the first approach to the global synthesis of the murciano-almerian, non nitrophilous therophytic grassland, belonging to the classes Helianthemetea guttati, Saginetea maritimae, Thero-Salicornietea and lsoeto-Nanojuncetea. These communities have been studied according to the methodology of the Integrated Phytosociology. Tables have been ordered by means of the manual method and also multivariate analysis (Correspondence Analysis). 25 plant communities have been recognized, the following are proposed as new associations: Stipo capensis-Diplota.xidetum lagascanae, Plantagini ovatae-Diplotaxidetum ilorcitanae, Leysero leyseroidis-Rumicetum gallici, Campanulo fastigiatae-Chaenorhinetum rupestris and Polypogoni maritimi-Teucrietum campanulati

Aplicación del aprendizaje basado en problemas como método de enseñanza en el Master Universitario de Uso sostenible y Protección del suelo en Ambientes Mediterráneos. Póster

[SPA]El método del aprendizaje basado en problemas (ABP) se caracteriza en un aprendizaje centrado en el alumno que desarrolla una serie de habilidades y competencias indispensables en el entorno profesional. El problema consiste en la descripción de una situación concreta con finalidades pedagógicas para aprender o perfeccionarse en algún campo determinado. Al utilizar el método ABP se pretende que los alumnos estudien la situación planteada, definan los problemas, lleguen a sus propias conclusiones sobre las acciones que habría que emprender, contrasten ideas, las defiendan y realicen sus propias aportaciones a la solución del caso. Con este método se pretende formar a futuros profesionales para que sean capaces de identificar problemas concretos y proponer las soluciones más adecuadas al mismo, aplicando para ello los conocimientos teóricos y prácticos adquiridos en diferentes asignaturas del Máster Universitario de Uso Sostenible y Protección del Suelo en Ambientes Mediterráneos de la Universidad de Murcia. [ENG]The method called “problem based learning” (PBL) is characterized by learning centered in students. Pupils learn to develop a range of skills and competencies needed in a professional environment. A problem based in specific situation is possed to students and they must solv it. This method allows students to learn and specialize in a particular subject. The PBL method is used to students analize the situation in question, define problems, draw their own conclusions about actions that should be undertaken, contrasting and defend ideas and make their own contributions to solve the problem they are been raised. This method aims to train future professionals to be able to identify specific problems and propose appropriate solutions. This method pretends that students are able to apply the knowledge and the skills acquired in the Master at the University of Murcia entitled “Sustainable Use of Soil Protection in Mediterranean Environments”.Campus Mare Nostrum, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Universidad de Murcia, Región de Murci

Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Largest HIV-1 CRF02_AG Outbreak in Spain: Evidence for Onward Transmissions

Background and Aim: The circulating recombinant form 02_AG (CRF02_AG) is the predominant clade among the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) non-Bs with a prevalence of 5.97% (95% Confidence Interval-CI: 5.41–6.57%) across Spain. Our aim was to estimate the levels of regional clustering for CRF02_AG and the spatiotemporal characteristics of the largest CRF02_AG subepidemic in Spain.Methods: We studied 396 CRF02_AG sequences obtained from HIV-1 diagnosed patients during 2000–2014 from 10 autonomous communities of Spain. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on the 391 CRF02_AG sequences along with all globally sampled CRF02_AG sequences (N = 3,302) as references. Phylodynamic and phylogeographic analysis was performed to the largest CRF02_AG monophyletic cluster by a Bayesian method in BEAST v1.8.0 and by reconstructing ancestral states using the criterion of parsimony in Mesquite v3.4, respectively.Results: The HIV-1 CRF02_AG prevalence differed across Spanish autonomous communities we sampled from (p < 0.001). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 52.7% of the CRF02_AG sequences formed 56 monophyletic clusters, with a range of 2–79 sequences. The CRF02_AG regional dispersal differed across Spain (p = 0.003), as suggested by monophyletic clustering. For the largest monophyletic cluster (subepidemic) (N = 79), 49.4% of the clustered sequences originated from Madrid, while most sequences (51.9%) had been obtained from men having sex with men (MSM). Molecular clock analysis suggested that the origin (tMRCA) of the CRF02_AG subepidemic was in 2002 (median estimate; 95% Highest Posterior Density-HPD interval: 1999–2004). Additionally, we found significant clustering within the CRF02_AG subepidemic according to the ethnic origin.Conclusion: CRF02_AG has been introduced as a result of multiple introductions in Spain, following regional dispersal in several cases. We showed that CRF02_AG transmissions were mostly due to regional dispersal in Spain. The hot-spot for the largest CRF02_AG regional subepidemic in Spain was in Madrid associated with MSM transmission risk group. The existence of subepidemics suggest that several spillovers occurred from Madrid to other areas. CRF02_AG sequences from Hispanics were clustered in a separate subclade suggesting no linkage between the local and Hispanic subepidemics

Suelos y vegetación en los afloramientos volcánicos neógenos de la zona litoral del Sureste Peninsular / María José Delgado Iniesta ; Roque Ortiz Silla.

Tesis-Universidad de Murcia.Consulte la tesis en: BCA. GENERAL. ARCHIVO UNIVERSITARIO. D 547.Consulte la tesis en: BCA. GENERAL. ARCHIVO UNIVERSITARIO. T.M.-1670

Edaphosphere: A Perspective of Soil Inside the Biosphere

The integration of soil into ecology in the current climate crisis is essential for correct environmental management. Soil is a part of ecosystems; above all, it is a component of the biosphere. It is necessary to establish a definition of soil that integrates biota and biodiversity without losing sight of the historical development of edaphology, the science that studies soil. In this opinion article, we proposes a definition for all soils grouped together in the edaphosphere, which is, in fact, a subsystem of the biosphere. In addition, we highlight the importance of the definition of soil provided by Vasily Dokuchaev, the founder of edaphology, with respect to the integration of soil into the biosphere and the differences between the concepts of pedosphere and edaphosphere

El impacto de la ganadería y la agricultura en los ecosistemas terrestres.-Cambios en las propiedades fisico-químicas del suelo por adición de enmiendas orgánicas en cultivo de tomate

ABSTRACT This study posible changes in the physico-chemical properties of soil under intensive cultivation of tomatoes after the addition of two different types of organic amendments: a natural as sheep manure and synthetic made. Trial plots that were designed are located in de NE of the province of Granada, in Puebla de Don Fadrique, in the area that in recent years, changes are very important in agriculture, from traditional farms extensive cultivation of rain-fed cereal crops such as intensive vegetale broccoli or tomatoes

Influence of intensive horticultural cultivation on soil salinity in Campo de Cartagena (Murcia).

The electrical conductivity (EC) and ionic composition of the soil solution of a Haplic Calcisol in Campo de Cartagena (Murcia, Spain) were studied in situ for four years in an experimental plot of vegetables in the open air, together with the relationship between these parameters and the quality of the irrigation water used and the management of the plot. The results show that there were very significant fluctuations in these variables during the study period and that these fluctuations depended on the management of the plot and, in particular, on the irrigation water used. Therefore, for an adequate management of these agro-ecosystems, it is necessary to establish a network of experimental plots in situ, where sensitive indicators of soil degradation are monitored, in our case the EC and the ionic composition of the soil solution. Such indicators are capable of detecting these degradation processes and their relationship with the inappropriate management of this resource

Agro-Ecological Impact of Irrigation and Nutrient Management on Spinach (<i>Spinacia oleracea</i> L.) Grown in Semi-Arid Conditions

The environment is affected by most anthropogenic activities; among them, agriculture is one activity with more negative effects, especially when management is inadequate, causing soil degradation or contamination. This paper presents the results of an agronomic field trial on a spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) crop. The objective of which was to monitor soil and crop properties under two doses of irrigation and organic fertilization. The results showed that the use of excessive doses of irrigation and fertilization increased the electrical conductivity (ECext) from 5.5 to 8.5 dS m−1 and the concentration of ions in the soil solution which, for the most soluble ions (NO3−, Cl−, Na+), leached towards the deep horizons, reaching 2194.8 mg L−1 in the case of NO3−. However, their use did not increase spinach production and is thus a waste of resources that increases the risk of soil salinization. Nutrient inputs to the soil were much higher than extractions (between 12% for N and 99% for Fe), partly because of agronomic management and especially because of the return of crop residues, which increased the organic carbon stock by about 2500 kg ha−1 (4–6%), enhancing its function as a CO2 sink. These surpluses form part of complex organic structures or are immobilized as carbonates or alkaline phosphates. Preservation of the agrosystem studied requires limiting the use of low-quality irrigation water and adjusting fertilization

El impacto de la ganadería y la agricultura en los ecosistemas terrestres.-Relación entre la estabilidad estructural con los tipos y usos del suelo en el sureste de España

ABSTRACT Structural stability is one of the most important physical properties and is proposed as an indicator of quality. The aim of this study is to see the possible relationship between this property with soil types and uses of them. In this paper we have selected the Mazarr�n area based on their environmental characteristics and has taken forty-one topsoil samples, after analysis and study of the relationship between its structural stability with soil types and uses of same, we find a closer relationship in the case of uses that type, so that the natural soil as the percentage of stable aggregates is close to 75%, while in soils anthropized this value reaches 44 %