Environmental Governance for the Coastal Marine Ecosystem Services of Chiloé Island (Southern Chile)

The Chiloé Island, located in Southern Chile, is worldwide known for its culture, originated in the syncretism between ancestral groups and colonizers, and molded through the interactions with the isolated ecosystems and extreme weather conditions. In this chapter, we analyze the state of the island’s social-ecological systems, the drivers (direct and indirect), and the impacts. We also analyze the current modes of governance related to coastal marine ecosystems and the social effects of an event that occurred during the year 2016, known as Chilote’s May.Fil: Delgado, Luisa E.. Universidad de Chile.; ChileFil: Marín, Victor H.. Universidad de Chile.; ChileFil: Asún, Rodrigo. Universidad de Chile.; ChileFil: Zúñiga, Claudia. Universidad de Chile.; ChileFil: Natenzon, Claudia Eleonor. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Geografía "Romualdo Ardissone"; ArgentinaFil: Castro Diaz, Ivan Ricardo. Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Paredes, Lorena D.. Universidad de Chile.; ChileFil: Caprioli, Franco. Universidad de Chile.; Chil

A trama da crítica democrática: da participação à representação e à accountability The conceptual web of democratic critique: from participation to representation and accountability

Este artigo atenta para deslocamentos conceituais ocorridos entre "representação política", "participação" e "accountability" na crítica interna à democracia ao longo das últimas décadas, bem como examina sua ressignificação recíproca na definição de nova trama conceitual da crítica democrática. O conceito de accountability parece oferecer, hoje, o registro normativo para lidar com as exigências de legitimidade nas experiências de representação política extraparlamentar. Argumenta-se também, que as circunstâncias históricas que propiciaram a polaridade negativa ou capacidade crítica à "participação", no campo da teoria democrática, não apenas mudaram, mas tornaram inadequada sua especifi cação analítica para a compreensão das experiências de inovação democrática em curso.<br>In the last decades there has been a surprising conceptual shift between the role of three concepts - political representation, participation and accountability - in the internal criticism of democracy. This article sheds light on that shift by examining the reciprocal redefi nition of meaning between those concepts and the shape of a new conceptual network for democratic critique. Nowadays, internal critique of democracy has been developed from the stand point of representation theories, which used to be traditionally related to the defense of democracy. Participatory democracy models, once the main stand point for criticizing democracy, either lost influence or where integrated to more sophisticated deliberative democratic models. We argue that this state of affairs is due to a conceptual worthy dissociation between representative government and political representation. This dissociation works under democratic and pluralistic assumptions, thus, it is sensible to legitimacy challenges faced by extra-parliamentary political representation. In this scenario, accountability appears as a normative concept useful for dealing with those challenges. We argue as well that the democratic critical leverage of the concept of participation relied on historical circumstances that are not longer in place, rendering standard defi nitions of participation inaccurate for the understanding of ongoing experiences of democratic innovation