Effect of Lactobacillus salivarius Dietary Supplementation on the Antioxidant Biomarkers of the Freshwater Shrimp Macrobrachium rosenbergii

The shrimp aquaculture is one of the most important livelihoods in the Philippines. Although there is an observed boost in the production of shrimps in the Philippines, there are remaining problems that are needed to be resolved. Bacterial and viral infections in shrimps have significantly affected its mortality, resulting in lower production and yield. In order to prevent or lessen this effect, various researches have been made to increase the resistance of shrimps against infections. In this study, a probiotic microorganism, Lactobacillus salivarius was used as a dietary supplementation for Macrobrachium rosenbergii and see its influence on the antioxidant biomarkers and temperature stress tolerance of the shrimp. Three concentrations of L. salivarius (1.0x107, 1.0x108, and 1.0x109 cells/g) were initially tested for its effect towards the oxidative stress tolerance and the oxygen consumption of the shrimp. The study involved the use of various antioxidant biomarkers including total glutathione (tGSH), catalase enzyme activity, and lipid peroxidation. Results showed that 1.0x108 cell/g of L. salivarius was the most effective concentration of probiotic microorganism per weight of feeds in improving the metabolic rate of the shrimp. Oxidative stress tolerance levels were observed to be increasing in terms of the catalase reaction (12.46 and 21.74 nmole/min) and lipid peroxidation (1.4X10-7 and 1.49X10-7 nmole MDA/mg protein) on both hepatopancreas and muscles tissues when the shrimp was fed with supplemented feeds. Also, high oxidant stress biomarkers were more evident on the hepatopancreas than the muscles

Freshwater microcrustaceans (Cladocera: Anomopoda and Ctenopoda, Copepoda: Cyclopoida and Calanoida) in the highly urbanized Metropolitan Manila area (Luzon, Philippines)

Despite the increasing interest in studying Cladocera and Copepoda in Philippine freshwaters, there is a need to update our knowledge on its taxonomy and distribution in highly urbanized areas, such as Metropolitan Manila. This paper presents an updated listing of freshwater microcrustaceans and their distribution in Metropolitan Manila, considering the continued deterioration of water quality and increased urbanization in many areas since the last comprehensive study on these taxa in 1950s. We collected water samples from 33 freshwater sites in Metropolitan Manila and 23 of which were found to contain microcrustacean zooplankton. A total of 13 species were identified including two new locality records for C. cornuta and D. dubium in Pasig River. All 8 cladocerans, we identified have already recorded in previous studies while 3 cyclopoid copepods are new records for Metropolitan Manila. Furthermore, 16% of all known freshwater microcrustacean zooplankton species in the Philippines are found in Metropolitan Manila, including the Luzon-endemic Filipinodiaptomus insulanus collected from man-made reservoirs in less-disturbed habitats (an urban wildlife park, golf course and eco-park). Other identified species such as Thermocyclops taihokuensis may serve as indicator for high levels of nutrient. These results point to the importance of monitoring urban aquatic biodiversity for their potential in determining aquatic ecosystem health and of maintaining urban aquatic sanctuaries which may serve as alternative habitat for flora and fauna in rapidly developing urban centers such as Metropolitan Manila

Annot ated checklist and insular distribution of f reshwater microcrustaceans (Copepoda: Calanoida & Cyclopoida; Cladocera: Anomopoda & Ctenopoda) in the Philippines

Lopez, Mark Louie D., Pascual, Jhaydee Ann F., Dela Paz, Erica Silk P., Rizo, Eric Zeus C., Tordesillas, Dino T., Guinto, Shea Kathleen, Han, Boping, Dumont, Henri J., Mamaril, Augustus C., Sr, Papa, Rey Donne S. (2017): Annot ated checklist and insular distribution of f reshwater microcrustaceans (Copepoda: Calanoida & Cyclopoida; Cladocera: Anomopoda & Ctenopoda) in the Philippines. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 65: 623-654, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.535837

Annotated checklist and insular distribution of freshwater microcrustaceans (Copepoda: Calanoida & Cyclopoida; Cladocera: Anomopoda & Ctenopoda) in the Philippines

This checklist puts together available information on the taxonomy, distribution, and current status of freshwater microcrustacean zooplankton in the Philippines. To date, 81 species have been recorded from Philippine inland waters, including 55 cladoceran and 36 copepod species, in two cladoceran orders (six families); and in two copepod orders (four families). The level of endemicity and distribution patterns of microcrustaceans in the archipelago's freshwater systems reflects the island's origins, biogeographical status, and location in the tropics. However, there are problems: in terms of taxonomy, species level identification is often doubtful and further study on systematics and biogeography is needed to settle conflicts in identification. This is demonstrated by the 29 synonymies and misidentifications detected in previous Philippine records. In addition, the introduction of non-native species of fishes, zooplankton, and other aquatic organisms has begun negatively impacting inland aquatic biodiversity in the country, which is further exacerbated by eutrophication and other environmental changes

Ilyocryptidae Smirnov 1992

Family Ilyocryptidae Smirnov, 1992 Ilyocryptus spinifer Herrick, 1882 Synonyms in Philippine literature: Ilycryptus longiremis Sars, 1888 and Ilyocryptus verrucosus Daday, 1905. Philippine records: Mamaril, 1986, 2001. General geographic distribution: This is a common species distributed from North and South America, South Asia and Australia. Distribution in the Philippines. Luzon: Batangas –Nasugbu; Bulacan –Bustos Dam and Malolos; Cagayan –Buguey; National Capital Region–La Mesa Dam, Marikina, and UP Diliman Campus; Manila-Laguna-Rizal: Laguna de Bay; Nueva Ecija –Pantabangan Dam. Negros: Negros Occidental – Bacolod; Negros Oriental –Sibulan. Mindanao: Agusan del Norte –Lake Mainit; Lanao del Sur –Lake Lanao. Remarks. It is the dominant species of Family Ilyocryptidae in most freshwater bodies of the tropics and subtropics (Jeong et al., 2012; Kotov & Sanoamuang, 2005). It is usually associated with large tropical lakes with a good coverage of vegetation (Kotov & Stifter, 2006). Philippine population needs to be compared with others to determine morphological differences among population and identify probable sibling species (Frey, 1982; Kotov & Elías-Gutiérrez, 2009; Kotov & Sanoamuang, 2004).Published as part of Lopez, Mark Louie D., Pascual, Jhaydee Ann F., Dela Paz, Erica Silk P., Rizo, Eric Zeus C., Tordesillas, Dino T., Guinto, Shea Kathleen, Han, Boping, Dumont, Henri J., Mamaril, Augustus C., Sr & Papa, Rey Donne S., 2017, Annot ated checklist and insular distribution of f reshwater microcrustaceans (Copepoda: Calanoida & Cyclopoida; Cladocera: Anomopoda & Ctenopoda) in the Philippines, pp. 623-654 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 65 on page 637, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.535837