Harnack Inequalities for SDEs with Multiplicative Noise and Non-regular Drift

The log-Harnack inequality and Harnack inequality with powers for semigroups associated to SDEs with non-degenerate diffusion coefficient and non-regular time-dependent drift coefficient are established, based on the recent papers \cite{Flandoli, Zhang11}. We consider two cases in this work: (1) the drift fulfills the LPS-type integrability, and (2) the drift is uniformly H\"older continuous with respect to the spatial variable. Finally, by using explicit heat kernel estimates for the stable process with drift, the Harnack inequality for the stochastic differential equation driven by symmetric stable process is also proved.Comment: All comments are welcom

The Impact of Digital Currency on the Financial System: Universal Decentralized Digital Currency, Is It Possible?

With the continuous development of computer and blockchain technology, digital currency has gradually replaced some functions of legal tender. This paper investigated the impact and the feasibility of digital currency on the financial market. Combining the money demand theory of Karl Heinrich Marx and Milton Friedman respectively, we discussed the impact of electronic and cryptocurrencies on the amount of money in circulation. Then, through further empirical analysis, we conclude that in China, digital currency has a substitution effect on current deposits in the long term. Furthermore, the welfare effect level of different countries adopting different policies on digital currency is analyzed by using the local equilibrium model of tariff effect in small countries, and the policy choice of maximizing the total welfare level is discussed based on game theory. Finally, we put forward some suggestions on establishing the global financial supervision system

Sense and antisense OsDof12 transcripts in rice

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Antisense transcription is a widespread phenomenon in plants and mammals. Our previous data on rice gene expression analysis by microarray indicated that the sense and antisense transcripts at the <it>OsDof12 </it>locus were co-expressed in leaves. In current study, we analyzed the expression patterns in detail and looked for the possible mechanism related to their expression patterns.</p> <p>Results</p> <p><it>OsDof12</it>, being a single copy gene located on rice chromosome 3, encodes a predicted Dof protein of 440 amino acids with one intron of 945 bp. The antisense transcript, <it>OsDofl2os</it>, overlaps with both the exonic and intronic regions of <it>OsDof12 </it>and encodes a functionally unknown protein of 104 amino acids with no intron. The sense-antisense <it>OsDof12 </it>transcripts were co-expressed within the same tissues, and their expressions were not tissue-specific in general. At different developmental stages in rice, the <it>OsDof12 </it>and <it>OsDof12os </it>transcripts exhibited reciprocal expression patterns. Interestingly, the expression of both genes was significantly induced under drought treatment, and inhibited by dark treatment. In the <it>Pro</it>_{<it>OsDof</it>12}<it>-GUS </it>and <it>Pro</it>_{<it>OsDof</it>12<it>os</it>}-<it>GUS </it>transgenic rice plants, the expression profiles of GUS were consistent with those of the <it>OsDof12 </it>and <it>OsDof12os </it>transcripts, respectively. In addition, the analysis of cis-regulatory elements indicated that either of the two promoters contained 74 classes of cis-regulatory elements predicted, of which the two promoter regions shared 53 classes.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Based on the expression profiles of <it>OsDof12 </it>and <it>OsDof12os</it>, the expression patterns of GUS in the <it>Pro</it>_{<it>OsDof</it>12}<it>-GUS </it>and <it>Pro</it>_{<it>OsDof</it>12<it>os</it>}-<it>GUS </it>transgenic rice plants and the predicted common cis-regulatory elements shared by the two promoters, we suggest that the co-expression patterns of <it>OsDof12 </it>and <it>OsDof12os </it>might be attributed to the basically common nature of the two promoters.</p

Effect of Slow Solidification of Ultra-thick Continuous Casting Slab on Solidification Structure and Macrosegregation

The slow solidification method of ultra-thick slab is in the ascendancy, and the macrosegregation is an important parameter of slab quality. Besides, solidification structure is also a crucial indicator of slab, such asSecondary Dendrite Arm Spacing (SDAS). In this paper, the slice moving boundary model was selected and optimized, and the influence on SDAS and macro segregation under slow solidification condition are investigated. Researches show that the SDAS increases by increasing supercooling and cooling intensity. When the superheating increases from 20 K to 40 K, the SDAS increases from 156,8 μm to 158,9 μm. By using mid-strong cooling, the segregation ratio decreases from 1,4331 to 1,3836, and the segregation degree decreases from 0,3535 to 0,3196. According to the discussions, a new method of improving the final quality of slow solidification continuous casting slabs is provided, which also has a high development prospect in the production of large-section casting slabs

Models for LRRK2-Linked Parkinsonism

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder characterized by the selective loss of dopaminergic neurons and the presence of Lewy bodies. The pathogenesis of PD is not fully understood, but it appears to involve both genetic susceptibility and environmental factors. Treatment for PD that prevents neuronal death progression in the dopaminergic system and abnormal protein deposition in the brain is not yet available. Recently, mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene have been identified to cause autosomal-dominant late-onset PD and contribute to sporadic PD. Here, we review the recent models for LRRK2-linked Parkinsonism and their utility in studying LRRK2 neurobiology, pathogenesis, and potential therapeutics

Molecular cloning and characterization of an actindepolymerizing factor gene in Hevea brasiliensis

Actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF) plays important roles in regulating actin dynamics by maintaining the optimum equilibrium between unpolymerized actin molecules and assembled actin filaments in different cellular processes. In this study, the first ADF gene in Hevea brasiliensis designated as HbADF, was isolated. The HbADF contained an open reading frame (ORF) encoding 139 amino acids. The deduced HbADF showed high identities to plants ADF proteins. Besides a conserved ADF domain, HbADF also contained putative actin and specific F-actin binding sites, phosphorylation site and possible CAM (calmodulin) combining region. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that HbADF was clustered in the subclass I. Being consistent with  phylogenetic result, the expression of HbADF was constitutive. The HbADF transcripts were upregulated by ethephon and wounding treatments; whereas, HbADF was firstly induced, and then gradually downregulated by jasmonic acid. The expression profiles and characterizations of HbADF suggested that HbADF might be  associated with latex regeneration and flow in H. brasiliensis.Key words: Actin cytoskeleton, actin-depolymerizing factor, expression analysis, Hevea brasiliensis, semiquantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction