DETERMINANTS OF CONSUMER PREFERENCES IN ADDIS ABABA RESTAURANTS

This study was proposed to explore the determinants of consumer preferences in Addis Ababa restaurants. Using consumer behavior literatures and theories it was hypothesized that disposable income, price, quality, hygiene practices, friendliness of restaurant staff, safety of food and range or menu variety are important determinants of consumer choice for restaurants. Primary data were generated from 265 customers of 55 restaurants randomly selected with the use of questionnaire of which 258 of the questionnaire ended usable. The non parametric hypothesis testing statistical tool, chi –square tests, and measures of variation were used for statistical analysis purposes. The anticipation of the researcher was that the hypothesis testing results would be significant in parallel with the hypothesized facts. The findings of the research suggest that income has insignificant impact up on quality price trade of among consumers of different income categories. Other hypothesis associated with price, quality, friendliness of restaurant staff, quick table service and range or menu varieties are found to be statistically significant. Over all, the research results suggest that restaurateurs should design marketing strategy that integrates the attributes used in this study to satisfy the needs and wants of their customers and differentiation of their products and services on the basis of the variables scored as they are significant considerations by consumers.consumer preferences, determinants, deposable income, price, quality.

Assessment of cattle marketing practices in Guradamole woreda, Bale zone of Oromia regional state, Ethiopia

This study was conducted to assess cattle marketing practice in the crop-livestock production system areas of the highland, mid-altitude and pastoralists in the lowlands of Guradamole Woreda of Bale zone of Ethiopia. That is conducted from July 2015 to 2015 March. Cattle marketing practice were assessed based on market monitoring and questionnaire survey in each altitude. A total of 100 farmers were selected randomly from 10 peasant associations which are selected from each altitude based on proportion of peasant association in each altitude. Market monitoring was done at two livestock marketing places of Rayitu town and Jibri, which is capital city of Guradamole Woreda. Cattle marketing varied considerably across the peasant associations and marketing places. Cattle supplied to markets include calves, heifers, bulls and oxen, dry and lactating cows. Who often supply cattle to marketing places are farmers and pastoralists from Guradamole Woreda and neighboring ethnic societies. Livestock market infrastructure and management are among the key constraints to the development and sustainable management of livestock markets. Long trekking distances to markets are a significant impediment to pastoralists ability to profitably sell their cattle. During drought periods, animals lose weight on the journey to market, which significantly lowers their value. In some cases, animals are too weak to embark on the homeward journey, forcing producers to sell at very low prices. Poor and uneven access to market information remains a major constraint for market actors and producers in particular. Observations at market sites point to an imbalance in the bargaining power of traders and producers. Traders collude and jointly determine prices ahead of market day and producers have very little or no ability to negotiate prices.Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 6 (2): 36-41, December, 201

IMPACT OF IRRIGATION ON THE PREVALENCE OF INTESTINAL PARASITE INFECTIONS WITH EMPHASIS ON SCHISTOSOMIASIS IN HINTALLO-WEJERAT, NORTH ETHIOPIA

No abstract - Available on PD

Evaluation of Different Grade NPS Fertilizers on Agronomic Performance of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) in Nitisol of Central Ethiopian Highland

Field experiment was conducted to evaluate the response of different grade NPS fertilizer and their rate on the growth performance of faba bean in the central highlands of Ethiopia, Oromia regional state at Welmera and Ejere districts Nitisols by using completely randomized block design with three replication which includes two different new NPS grade fertilizers with three application rates (80, 100 and 120%) from recommended rate with two standard and negative controls for two successive coping seasons. Where all soil, plant growth performance and yield data were collected accordingly the highest grain yield result was obtained from 80% of recommended rate of P from 13.3N-36P2O5-13.7S followed by the 3rd treatment 100% of rec. rate of P from 19N-38P2O5-7S (Positive control 2). The partial budget analysis results also indicated that use of 80% of recommended rate of P from 13.3N-36P2O5-13.7S grade fertilizer got highest net benefit economic advantage and marginal rate of return over other treatment followed by treatment three in both parameters. Keywords: Nitisol, Faba bean, Different grade, NPS, fertilizer, yield and Net benefit. DOI: 10.7176/JNSR/12-19-02 Publication date:October 31st 202

Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Calf Coccidiosis in and around Asela Town, Southeast Ethiopia

A cross sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with clinical coccidiosis in calves from November 2013 up to March 2014 in and around Asela town. Faecal samples from a total of 384 calves with the age of under 1year old were subjected to coprological investigation. Based on the coprological investigation the overall prevalence of coccidiosis was 240 (62.5%). The prevalence of eimerial infection was higher in female calves than male calves (P>0.05). The present study showed that there was significant difference (P<0.05) in the prevalence of coccidiosis among the three husbandry systems of calves with the highest prevalence in semi-intensive system (71.7%). There was significant variation (P<0.05) between calf breeds and infection by eimerias. The highest prevalence of coccidial infection was recorded in calves with poor hygienic condition (80.6%) than in good hygienic status (20.9%) (P<0.05). Seasonal prevalence of coccidiosis showed that there was a significant variation (P<0.05) in eimerial infection of calves and season. The present study has demonstrated that bovine coccidia are one of the most important pathogens in calves in the study area. Value of feeding in troughs, cementing floor of barns in reducing the extent of infection should be communicated to owners. Appropriate monitoring and control of the disease is also advisable in the study farms. Keywords: Asela, Calves, Coccidiosis, Eimeria, Prevalence, Risk factor

The R elationship s between S tem C haracters and L odging T olerance in T ef ( Eragrostis tef ) G enotypes

አህፅሮትጤፍ በብዙ ሚሊየኖች ለሚቆጠሩ ኢትዮጵያዊያን ለምግብነት፣ ለእንስሶች ምግብ፣ ለቤት መስሪያነት እና ለመኝታየሚያገለግል ዘርፈ ብዙ የሰብል አይነት ነዉ፡፡ ነገር ግን በ ተለያዩ የምርት ማነቆዎች ምክንያት ከጤፍ የሚገኘው ምርትከሌሎች የብርዕ ሰብሎች ከሚገኘው ምርት ጋር ሲነጻጸር ትንሽ ነው ፡፡ የ ሰብል ግሽበት የጤፍን ምርት እና ምርታማነቱንለማሳደግ የሚደረገውን የምርምር ስራ እየገቱ ካሉ ማነቆዎች ውስጥ አንዱ ነው፡፡ የሰብል ቁመት፣ የሰብል ግንድ ውፍረትእና ስፋት፣ የአንጓ ቁጥር እና ርዝመት የብርዕ ሰብሎችን የግሽበት ባህርይ ከሚወስኑ ባህሪያት መካከል ይገኙበታል፡፡የሰብል ግንድ ባህሪያት ከግሽበት ጋ ር ያላቸውን ትስስር ማወቅ ግሽበትን የሚ ቋቋ ሙ የጤፍ ዝርያዎችን በምርምርለማውጣት የሚደገረውን ስራ በእጅጉ እነደሚያግዝ ይታመናል፡፡ ከዚህ በፊት የተደረጉ የምርምር ስራዎች የሰብል ግንድባህሪያት ከግሽበት ግር ያላቸውን ትስስር ለማወቅ የሚያስችል መሰረትን ቢጥሉም የሰብሉን የ ግንድ ባህሪያት ከማዳረስአንጻር ውስን ነበሩ፡፡ በዚህ የምርምር ስራ አንድ መቶ የጤፍ ዝርያዎችን በሶስት የተለያዩ አካባቢዎች በመዝራት ከዚህበፊት በተጠኑት የግንድ ባህሪያት ላይ ተጨማሪ የግንድ ባህሪያትን አካቶ በማጠናት ከዚህ በፊት የነበረውን ዕውቀትለማስፋት ተሞክሯ ል፡፡ ይህ ጥናት ከዚህ በፊት የጤፍን የግሽበት ባህርይ ሊወስኑ ይችላሉ ከተባሉት የግንድ ባህሪያትበተጨማሪ የ አጓ እና የፔደንክል ርዝመት ግሽበትን የሚ ቋቋ ሙ የጤፍ ዝርያዎችን ለማውጣት በ ሚደረገው ምርምር ውስጥትኩረት ሊሰጣቸው እንደሚገባ አመላክቷ ል፡፡AbstractIn cereals is stem characters such as plant height, culm thickness and diameter and thenumber of internodes and their length are among the factors known to modulatelodging tolerance, a key trait in the development of high yielding tef varieties.Knowledge of the relationship between stem characters and lodging has significantimplications with respect to designing sound breeding strategies for tef Eragrostistef )), a staple cereal crop for millions of people in Ethiopia. Previous studies werelimited mainly to plant height and the diameter of the two basal culm internodes. Withthe aim of expand ing this knowledge by exploring additional stem characters onehundred tef landraces were studied at three different experimental sites andaffirmative evidence was obtained showing that in addition to plant height the lengthof internodes and peduncle are apt to breeding lodging tolerance in tef

Finite Element Method Applied to Gray-Scott Reaction-Diffusion Problem. Using FEniCs Software

The Gray-Scott problem is among the reaction –diffusion systems showing patterns that stand out by showing self-replicating patterns (spots). This pattern formulation is a suitable interplay between diffusion and reaction.  Here we show in details the spot multiplication process of the Gray-Scott reaction-diffusion problem using finite element method, where the finite element mesh is generated using an external and a free three dimensional finite element mesh generator called Gmsh.  And Numerical experiment is performed using a free software package called FEniCs. Keywords: Finite Element Methods, Gray-Scott, self-replication,  FEniCs, Gms

Growth and Yield Performance Evaluation of Hot Pepper Varieties for Green Pod Purpose under Wondo Genet Agro-ecology

The experiment was conducted during the 2020 and 2021 cropping seasons at Wondo Genet agricultural research center to identify better hot pepper varieties for green pod production. Four varieties that were released nationally were evaluated together with one farmers` local check using a randomized complete block design in three replications. Hot pepper varieties growth, yield components, and yield data were collected and subjected to analysis of variance using SAS software version 9.4. The results of the experiment showed that the hot pepper variety Melka Awaze was better in plant height, branch number, pod number, and marketable yield as compared to the rest varieties. The marketable yield from Melka Awaze was 17.12% more advantageous than the local check and 51.78% more valuable compared to the lower yield from Melka Zala. Therefore, Melka Awaze is the better variety for green pod production for the present study area. Keywords: Adaptability, pepper, yield DOI: 10.7176/JBAH/12-22-02 Publication date: November 30th 202

Trade Liberalization and Poverty: A Macro-Micro Analysis in Ethiopia

Using a CGE model, this study analyses the impact of trade liberalization on poverty at the household level taking Ethiopia as a case. Two scenarios (complete tariff cut and uniform tariff scheme) suggest that further liberalization of trade has little short-run effect on the overall economy. However, the agriculture-based manufacturing sector (in particular, textile and leather) is likely to be strongly affected by further tariff reduction. Reductions in import prices of textiles and leather products increase imports of these goods implying that trade liberalization is likely to dampen domestic production of textile and leather products. Poverty shows a slight increase in both scenarios. At the national level, a complete tariff cut results in an increase in poverty by 2.8 percent, while a uniform tariff scheme raises poverty by 2.3 percent. Similarly, it is found that poverty gap and poverty severity indices show a slight increase. Comparing the effect of trade reform on different household groups, i.e. farm households, wage earner households and entrepreneur households, poverty in entrepreneur households increases by a higher percentage change (3.2 percent) in the complete tariff cut scenario. Poverty incidence increases by 1.7 and 1.5 percent for farm households and wage earners, respectively, under the complete tariff cut scenario. This comparison holds consistently when looking at the more realistic uniform tariff scheme. Entrepreneur households are at a disadvantage due to trade liberalization shown in the poverty gap and poverty severity indices. This is consistent with the theoretical argument that previously protected infant industries are highly affected by trade liberalization. --trade liberalization,poverty,CGE,import duties,macro-micro simulation

Livelihoods vulnerability of climate variability and coping mechanism: the case study of bale lowlands south eastern, Ethiopia

Climate variability and vulnerability have a range of impacts on livelihood. It is likely that food insecurity will progress more rapidly with rising temperatures and variable rainfall. Hence, the aim of this study is to assess to assess climate vulnerability on livelihoods, and coping mechanism in selected three Woredas’ of Bale lowland, Sothern Western, Ethiopia. The study was conducted in Six PA’s of the Rayitu, Dawe Qachen and Guradamole Woreda in order to achieve these objectives, the study collected data from primary and secondary sources. The primary data collected by using data gathering tools such as FGDs (6), key informant interviews (50) and household survey (436). The study finding showed that the fluctuation of climate makes the on livelihood of the pastoralist community vulnerable in affecting their crop and livestock productivity of the pastoralists’ community. Furthermore, the finding of the study also showed that there have to be an appropriate adaptation mechanism to the changing and fluctuating climate as well as it increases pastoralists community awareness about mechanism by which climate variability to reduce the impact and also to increase institutional involvement with different intervention mechanism. The vulnerability of climate fluctuation exacerbated by lack of adaptation and commitment from both pastoralists and local institutions. Since pastoralists are prioritizing their immediate benefits rather than sustainable development. To cope with the vulnerability the societies use saving, migration diversification, dissemination of technology and provision of safety nets to some lowlanders and emergency aid is among the coping mechanism provided by the government institution. Based on the findings and results of the study, the following recommendations suggested minimizing the vulnerability of the pastoral communities. Improve agricultural production, build on existing people’s knowledge and practices, strengthen local capacity to manage risks through local civil society organizations, foster institutional linkages for livelihood sustainability, and improve the coverage and quality of climate data. Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 9 (1): 23-34, June, 201