Odds Ratios for the Association between Storage Time of Red Blood Cell Transfusions and Development of Healthcare-Associated <i>Clostridium difficile</i> Infection.

a<p>Odds ratio per unit increase in RBC transfusion storage time, adjusted for volume of RBC given, surgical procedures,</p><p>chemotherapy, dialysis, and number of doses of antibacterial, immunosuppressant, proton pump inhibitor, histamone-2 receptor antagonist, and statin medications.</p>b<p>Conditional logistic regression model accounting for matched design, offset by days at risk.</p>c<p>Random intercept multi-level mixed effects logit model with repeated transfusions nested within individual.</p

Exposures prior to Healthcare-Associated <i>Clostridium difficile</i> Infection and during Comparator Hospitalizations.

a<p><i>P</i>-values from matched analyses (conditional logit model).</p>b<p>Unable to calculate.</p

Odds Ratios for the Association between Volume of Transfusions and Healthcare-Associated <i>Clostridium difficile</i> Infection.

a<p>Odds ratio per RBC liter increase in transfusion adjusted for surgical procedures, chemotherapy, dialysis, and number of doses of antibacterial, immunosuppressant, proton pump inhibitor, histamone-2 receptor antagonist, and statin medications.</p>b<p>Odds ratio per RBC liter increase in transfusion adjusted for chemotherapy, dialysis, and number of doses of antibacterial, immunosuppressant, proton pump inhibitor, histamone-2 receptor antagonist, and statin medications.</p

Cumulative Volume of Red Blood Cell Transfusions given during the First Week of Hospitalization Prior to the Development of Healthcare-Associated <i>Clostridium difficile</i> Infection and in Comparator Hospitalizations.

<p>Cumulative Volume of Red Blood Cell Transfusions given during the First Week of Hospitalization Prior to the Development of Healthcare-Associated <i>Clostridium difficile</i> Infection and in Comparator Hospitalizations.</p

Characteristics of Patients with Healthcare-Associated <i>Clostridium difficile</i> Infection.

<p>Characteristics of Patients with Healthcare-Associated <i>Clostridium difficile</i> Infection.</p

Factors associated with readmission to the hospital within 30 days in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

<div><p>Background</p><p>Management of inpatients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) requires increasing resources. We aimed to identify factors associated with hospital readmissions among individuals with IBD.</p><p>Materials & methods</p><p>We collected data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Readmissions Database 2013. We identified individuals with index hospitalizations for IBD. Patient-specific factors, comorbidities and hospitalization characteristics were extracted for the index hospitalization. We performed logistic regression modeling to create adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for 30-day hospital readmission. Subgroup analysis was performed based on disease type and performance of surgery.</p><p>Results</p><p>We analyzed a total of 55,942 index hospital discharges; 3037 patients (7.0%) were readmitted to the hospital within 30 days. Increasing patient age (> 65: OR: 0.45; 95% CI 0.39–0.53) was associated with a decreased risk of readmission, while a diagnosis of Crohn’s disease (OR: 1.09; 95% CI 1.00–1.18) and male sex (OR: 1.16; 95% CI 1.07–1.25) were associated with an increased risk of readmission. The comorbidities of smoking (OR: 1.09; 95% CI 1.00–1.19), anxiety (OR: 1.17; 95% CI 1.01–1.36) and opioid dependence (OR: 1.40; 95% CI 1.06–1.86) were associated with an increased risk of 30-day readmission. Individual hospitalization characteristics and disease complications were significantly associated with readmission. Performance of a surgery during the index admission was associated with a decreased risk of readmission (OR: 0.57; 95% CI 0.33–0.96).</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Analyzing data from a US publicly available all-payer inpatient healthcare database, we identified patient and hospitalization risk factors associated with 30-day readmission. Identifying patients at high risk for readmission may allow for interventions during or after the index hospitalization to decrease this risk.</p></div

Cumulative incidence of readmission for IBD, CD and UC.

<p>(y-axis: percent of readmission when compared to the total population).</p

Forest plot of significant factors on multivariate analysis for 30-day readmission among individuals with Crohn’s disease.

<p>Forest plot of significant factors on multivariate analysis for 30-day readmission among individuals with Crohn’s disease.</p

IBD risk factors for 30-day readmission.

<p>IBD risk factors for 30-day readmission.</p

Demographic, patient and hospital characteristics.

<p>Demographic, patient and hospital characteristics.</p