The Development of a New Methodology for Automated Sounding Selection on Nautical Charts

Conducting a manual sounding selection for display on official nautical charts is time-consuming and is becoming more challenging because of the high-quality hydrographic data. Boosted by the development of surveying technology, research of automated sounding selection capabilities is a logical step in improving production of nautical charts. In this work a new methodology for automated sounding selection based on areas of sudden change in the sea floor relief is defined. Quantitative parameters of the seafloor obtained from the survey, slope and aspect are used to segregate and classify seafloor features significant for navigation. By detecting their boundaries, principles of sounding selection for each class are applied in order to represent all the relevant information regarding a specific feature. Spatial accuracy analysis is conducted on two large multibeam hydrographic surveys by comparing the obtained results with the automated sounding selection feature within dKart Editor and the manually selected soundings on official nautical charts. The RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) of vertical deviations and its relation to terrain characteristics within the initial quality assessment is encouraging and suggests that the proposed automated methodology represents an improvement compared to dKart and could be applied with the same effectiveness as a manual method

Proposed Improvements in Depth Contours and Sector Lights Display on Nautical Charts

The proposal of a new display of depth contours and sector lights symbols on paper navigational charts published by the Hydrographic Institute of the Republic of Croatia (HHI) in Split is presented in this paper. Since the symbols on the HHI paper charts are defined in the publication entitled “Symbols and Abbreviations Used on Charts”, which is produced by each Member State for its charts by the recommendations of the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO), the proposed displays are in accordance with the specified publication. By studying all versions of the mentioned publication, the historical development of depth contours and sector lights display is presented. By comparing clips from the official paper chars scale of 1:100 000 with a classic display of these symbols and clips from the created samples of paper charts with the proposed display of these symbols, the impact on the readability of other symbols is analyzed and improvements of depth contours and sector lights display are shown

Overview of Standards for Electronic Navigational Charts

In the early 1980s, with the rapid development of geospatial technologies the development of Electronic Navigational Charts – ENC began. With a heavy emphasis on data security, because of its navigational purpose, the implementation of ENC was approached very cautiously. One of the key features of every product, which enables easier global use, is its standardization. The paper provides basic information related to the ENC and by studying all editions of publications for ENC, the reports of the Working groups of the International Hydrographic Organization – IHO and articles that followed the implementation process of ENC standards an overview of ENC standards is given, with the focus on two basic standards published in S-57 and S 52 publications. Also described is a new, currently under construction, standard for ENC (S-100) and the prediction of the future development guidelines with the concept of e-Navigation in mind

VP 11-13 [41. Salon arhitekture]

Stambena zgrada VP 11-13 se nalazi u ulici koja je u početnoj fazi remodelacije gradskih blokova i tranzicije od starih jednospratnih objekata do stambenih zgrada visine pet i šest spratova u cilju urbanizacije gradskog centra, i zbog toga VP 11-13 ima jedinstvenu priliku da u novoj regulaciji postavi presedan formiranja fronta ulice sa ciljem da utiče i na buduće objekte u okruženju da prate taj primer. Kontekstualizacija objekta sejasno vidi u zakošenju volumena prizemlja koji je reminiscencija nasleđa regulacije pozicije objekta, a spratovi prate novu regulaciju ulice. Repetitivna struktura glavne fasade, sa dozom naizgled slučajno smaknutih elemenata, daje karakter kako samoj zgradi, tako i čitavoj ulici, sa potencijalom da se taj ritam elemenata pojavi još negde u okruženju. U situaciji kada se gradi objekat od 2400m2 nadzemne površine 5+1 spratova, u kontekstu gde dominira niža izgrađenost, veštim modelovanjem volumena i uvlačenjem planova stvara se iluzija da je objekat drastično manjih proporcija nego što zaista jeste, istovremeno kao gest poštovanja trenutnog okruženja i namere da se anticipira buduća izgrađenost gradskog bloka