Fusarium species and mycotoxin profiles on commercial maize hybrids in Germany

Abstract High year-to-year variability in the incidence of Fusarium spp. and mycotoxin contamination was observed in a two-year survey investigating the impact of maize ear rot in 84 field samples from Germany. Fusarium verticillioides, F. graminearum, and F. proliferatum were the predominant species infecting maize kernels in 2006, whereas in 2007 the most frequently isolated species were F. graminearum, F. cerealis and F. subglutinans. Fourteen Fusariumrelated mycotoxins were detected as contaminants of maize kernels analyzed by a multi-mycotoxin determination method. In 2006, a growth season characterized by high temperature and low rainfall during anthesis and early grain filling, 75% of the maize samples were contaminated with deoxynivalenol, 34% with fumonisins and 27% with zearalenone. In 2007, characterized by moderate temperatures and frequent rainfall during the entire growth season, none of the 40 maize samples had quantifiable levels of fumonisins while deoxynivalenol and zearalenone were detected in 90% and 93% of the fields, respectively. In addition, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 15-acetyldeoxnivalenol, moniliformin, beauvericin, nivalenol and enniatin B were detected as common contaminants produced in both growing seasons. The results demonstrate a significant mycotoxin contamination associated with maize ear rots in Germany and indicate, with regard to anticipated climate change, that fumonisins-producing species already present in German maize production may become more important. Keywords Deoxynivalenol . Ear rot . F. verticillioides . F. graminearum . Fumonisin . Zearalenon

Foerderung von Pflanzenwachstum und Pflanzengesundheit sowie Unterstueztung beim Schliessen von Lueckenindikatoren im Gartenbau durch Verwendung von Spezialkomposten Abschlussbericht

SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: F02B853 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDeutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt, Osnabrueck (Germany)DEGerman

Biodiversity of Fusarium species causing ear rot of maize in Germany

In Germany, maize is one of the most important agriculture commodities, a major component in animal feed as well as an essential substrate producing biogas. Maize car rot poses a major impact worldwide as it is caused by several Fusarium spp., most of which have the ability to produce mycotoxins. Despite of the expansion of the maize acreage in recent years, limited information is available concerning the incidence of Fusarium car rot in Germany. Therefore, in a two-year survey maize crops were sampled in the major maize-producing areas in Germany to establish the severity of Fusarium car rot and the biodiversity of Fusarium species. In 2006, the frequency of kernels infected by Fusarium spp. ranged from 0.7% to 99.7%; the average incidence was 32.4%. Thirteen Fusarium species were isolated from maize kernels, with F verticillioides, F. graminearum and F. proliferatum being the predominant species. In 2007, the highest incidence of Fusarium car rot was 64%; the mean level of infection was 21.7%. F. graminearum was by far the most frequent species isolated from all sampled fields in 2007. In addition, F. crookwellense, F. subglutinans and F. avenaceum were also frequently isolated, In particular, the fumonisin-producing species F. verticillioides all F. proliferatum were less frequent than in 2006. The year-to-year variability in the frequency of Fusarium species and in the overall infection rate may be explained by significant differences ill temperature and precipitation during the growth periods

Einfuehrung des Integrierten Pflanzenschutzsystems (IPS-Modell Weizen) zur Optimierung und Minimierung des Pflanzenschutzmitteleinsatzes in Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen und Schleswig-Holstein Abschlussbericht

SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: F04B431 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDeutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt, Osnabrueck (Germany)DEGerman