Laser Effects on the Prevention and Treatment of Dentinal Hypersensitivity: A Systematic Review

Introduction: Dentinal hypersensitivity (DH) is an acute intensive tooth pain which can lead to dental annoyances during eating and drinking. Stimulating exposed dentinal tubules by either kind of thermal, tactile, chemical and/or osmotic stimuli is believed to be the cause of this pain. It is hypothesized that dentinal tubules’ orifice occlusion (DOO) can help relieve such dental irritations. Thus, this systematic review was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of laser application as a prevention and treatment modality on DH reduction.Methods: Electronic databases (MEDLINE, SCOPUS) were searched among randomized clinical trials from January 2007 to December 2016. The extraction of data and quality assessments were carried out by different independent observers.Results: A total of 499 items were found of which3 9 relevant articles were extracted. The profound findings proved lasers’ effectiveness as a treatment of DH. Although some of the researches reported no significant difference between laser and other desensitizing agents, most of the studies suggested that better results (both rapid and long-lasting) were obtained in combined modalities. Furthermore, the preventive role of this new technology has been emphasized as well. Nd-YAG (neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet) and diode lasers reduce DH after bleaching. Lasers can also protect cervical restorations from DH due to tubular occlusion. Moreover, it is suggested to apply lasers in relief of DH following scaling and root planning. Nevertheless, a few researchers dispute its beneficence as a result of placebo effect.Conclusion: The results obtained from several studies in the present review revealed that the application of lasers is effective not only in terms of treatment of DH, but also in the prevention of this intensive tooth pain. Among various types of lasers, the application of Nd:YAG laser has shown the best results in DH treatment

Effect of Er:YAG Laser and Reduced Time of Acid Etching on Bond Strength of Self-adhesive Resin Cement to MTA and Biodentine: Bond Strength of Pretreated MTA and Biodentine

Introduction: Considering the recent trend to use mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Biodentine and resin cements, more conservative approaches concurrent with adequate bond strength have always been requested. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of pretreatment with Er: YAG laser etching versus acid-etching for 5 and 15 seconds on the micro shear bond strength of selfadhesive resin cement (SRC) to MTA and Biodentine.Materials and Methods: Forty-eight samples of each cement (MTA and Biodentine) were prepared and distributed into four groups based on surface pretreatment: 1) control, no treatment; 2) Er: YAG laser etching with the energy of 60 mJ; 3) 5-second acid-etching; 4) 15-second acid-etching. All specimens were cemented using SRC. Microshear bond strengths were tested following 24-hour water storage. Debonded specimens were examined and surface topography was assessed using an atomic force machine (AFM). Data analysis was performed using the two-way ANOVA and Tukey multiple comparisons test.Results: The three testing groups of laser etch and 5-s and 15-s acid-etch demonstrated a significantly higher SBS than the control group (P<0.05) with negligible differences among them (P > 0.05). Furthermore, Biodentine showed better adhesive bonding than MTA in all groups.Conclusion: Laser etching of 60 mJ and 5-s acid-etching were as beneficial as 15-s acid-etching in terms of bond strength of SRC to MTA and Bodentine. Doi:10.34172/jlms.2021.3

The Ileoileal intussusception due to a tubular duplication in a child: A case report

Abstract Intussusception is a surgical emergency that may result in the perforation of the intestinal wall if not immediately treated. Pathologic lead points, such as intestinal duplication, are present in 2.2%–15% of the cases.We describe a 4‐year‐old girl with a necrotic ileoileal intussusception diagnosed with a rare tubular ileal duplication

Delayed Esophageal Pseudodiverticulum after Anterior Cervical Spine Fixation: Report of 2 Cases

Introduction: Although perforation of the esophagus, in the anterior cervical spine fixation, is well established, cases with delayed onset, especially cases that present pseudodiverticulum, are not common. In addition, management of the perforation in this situation is debated.  Case Report:   Delayed esophageal pseudodiverticulum was managed in two patients with a history of anterior spine fixation. Patients were operated on, the loose plate and screws were extracted, the wall of the diverticulum was excised, the perforation on the nasogastric tube was suboptimally repaired, and a closed suction drain was placed there. The NGT was removed on the 7th day and barium swallow demonstrated no leakage at the operation site; therefore, oral feeding was started without any problem.  Conclusion:  In cases with delayed perforation, fistula, or diverticulum removal of anterior fixation instruments, gentle repair of the esophageal wall without persistence on definitive and optimal perforation closure, wide local drainage, early enteral nutrition via NGT, and antibiotic prescription is suggested

Small bowel hemangioma causing perforation

Background: Benign vascular tumors that can be found anywhere in the body are defined as hemangiomas The most common clinical manifestation is gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB). Other possible signs and symptoms could be Iron deficiency anemia, intestinal obstruction, abdominal pain, intramural hematoma, perforation, platelet sequestration, intussusception, or perforation. The main diagnostic methods are Computed tomography (CT) and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT), and capsule endoscopy is helpful too. The therapeutic plan depends on the disease development and the condition of the patient, but, surgical resection is the choice for most patients. Case presentation: A 6-year-old girl with the chief complaint of acute abdominal pain that was accompanied by loss of appetite, nausea, and vomiting was admitted. There was no sign of GIB. The first diagnosis of the patient was perforation of the intestinal wall. In the laparotomy operation, a perforation was seen and resection and anastomosis were done. The pathological studies revealed the signs of hemorrhage of hemangioma and so hemorrhagic necrosis and perforation due to it. Conclusion: Although small intestinal hemangiomas are rare and, in their complication, perforation is unusual, they should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute abdominal pain