Comparative Efficacy of Bispectral Index Monitoring and Clinical Assessment in The Recovery of Patients Undergoing Open Renal Surgery: A Randomized, Double-Blind Study

Background and Aims: Maintaining the sufficient depth of anesthesia with an adequate anesthetic drug dosage in patients undergoingsurgery is one of the most significant issues. Inadequate depth of anesthesia can cause significant disturbances in hemodynamicparameters. In this study, clinical assessment and bispectral (BIS) index monitoring compare the depth of general anesthesiaand recovery time in patients undergoing open renal surgery.Method: In this double-blind, randomized, controlled trial, all patients undergoingopenrenal surgery were enrolledandrandomlydivided into a BIS group and clinical assessment group (control). In the BIS group, the electrodes of BIS monitoring system wereplaced on frontal and temporal lobes of the patient. The time of eye opening, verbal response to verbal stimulation, extubation time,the duration of stay in the recovery unit, the first-time of narcotic usage, and total dosage of intravenous narcotics were assessed in2 groups.Results: A total of 96 patients were enrolled. Sex, age, BMI, duration of surgery, length of stay in the recovery room and first-timenarcotic drug usage were not significantly different in the two groups. However, the length of time from the anesthetic drug discontinuationto eye opening, verbal responses to verbal stimulation and extubation was significantly lower in the BIS group thanthe control group, respectively (P = 0.002, P = 0.007, P = 0.019).Conclusions: The evaluation of the aneasthesia status of patients based on the BIS index would be more efficient in decreasing theemergence anaesthesia including eye opening, verbal response, extubation after anesthesi