Simple Metals at High Pressure

In this lecture we review high-pressure phase transition sequences exhibited by simple elements, looking at the examples of the main group I, II, IV, V, and VI elements. General trends are established by analyzing the changes in coordination number on compression. Experimentally found phase transitions and crystal structures are discussed with a brief description of the present theoretical picture.Comment: 22 pages, 4 figures, lecture notes for the lecture given at the Erice course on High-Pressure Crystallography in June 2009, Sicily, Ital

The Spin of the Nucleon in the Semi-inclusive DIS with Charged Current

The investigation of spin structure of the nucleon is one of the actual problems of particle physics [1]. According to recent experimental data [2]—[5]the quarks are responsible for 33-35% of nucleon spin and the strange quarks contribution is near to zero ∆s ~ 0.1 The nucleon spin problem requires the further experimental research of all contributions. In present work the possibilities of determination of the quark contributions to the nucleon spin based on observable asymmetries of the semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering (SIDIS) with the charged current are considered

The Quark Contributions to the Nucleon Spin from Semi-inclusive lp- DIS with Charged Current

Current paper considers the possibilities to determine quark con­tributions based on observable values - polarization asymmetries of semi-inclusive LN - DIS. Numerical computations of asymmetries are provided

The Polarized Semi-inclusive Lepton-Nucleon DIS with Charged Current

This paper discusses the polarization asymmetry of semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering of leptons on nucleons. Numerical results of asymmetries and radiative corrections to lepton current are provided

The Spin Structure of the Nucleon from Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Neutrino Scattering with Neutral Current

The asymmetries of semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering of neutrino on polarized deuteron with the neutral current have been used for the extraction of valence quark, anti­-quark and strange quark contributions to the nucleon spin

Origin of complex crystal structures of elements at pressure

We present a unifying theory for the observed complex structures of the sp-bonded elements under pressure based on nearly free electron picture (NFE). In the intermediate pressure regime the dominant contribution to crystal structure arises from Fermi-surface Brillouin zone (FSBZ) interactions - structures which allow this are favoured. This simple theory explains the observed crystal structures, transport properties, the evolution of internal and unit cell parameters with pressure. We illustrate it with experimental data for these elements and ab initio calculation for Li.Comment: 4 pages 5 figure

Clinical and pharmacological basis of the use of testosterone drugs for hormonal replacement therapy for hypogonadism in men

Hypogonadism is a condition associated with a decrease in the functional activity of the testicles, accompanied by a decrease in the level of androgens and (or) a violation of the process of spermatogenesis. It is known that androgens and their main representative, testosterone, are of fundamental importance for the development and maintenance of the reproductive and sexual functions of the male reproductive system. At the same time, low testosterone levels are associated with both reproductive and metabolic disorders, including phosphorus-calcium, fat, carbohydrate, and protein metabolism. In addition, to date, data have been accumulated on the correlation of hypogonadism with cardiovascular diseases, which once again emphasizes the problem of testosterone deficiency, especially for patients of the middle and older age groups. However, carrying out testosterone replacement therapy always requires a strict and competent choice of a «target audience» among patients from a specialist. Today, on the pharmaceutical market, there is a wide arsenal of testosterone-containing drugs in various forms for use, which have an unequal «efficacy-safety» profile. In this review, we have analyzed modern approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of hypogonadism, the selection of a target group of patients to obtain the most effective and safe treatment outcome and described testosterone preparations and their dosage forms with potential advantages and disadvantages. Thus, the information presented in the article is aimed at optimizing the management of men with hypogonadism