Contraintes induites par une restriction alimentaire et une compétition de judo (évolution de paramètres métaboliques et hormonaux)

Le but de notre étude était d'évaluer les contraintes physiologiques, psychologiques et physiques induites par une restriction alimentaire au cours d'une simulation de compétition de judo (5 combats de 5 minutes). Vingt sujets ont été séparés en deux groupes : un groupe de 10 sujets restreints (SR) ayant effectué une restriction alimentaire de 30% au cours de la semaine précédant la compétition, un groupe de 10 sujets non restreints (SNR). Matériels et méthodes -Des concentrations hormonales et de marqueurs métaboliques, ainsi que des tests physiques et psychologiques ont été réalisés chez les deux groupes de sujets à sept temps d'analyse : un mois avant la compétition (période de poids constant), à la fin d'une semaine de restriction alimentaire pour les SR(T0), 10 minutes après la fin des 5 combats (de T1 à T5). Résultats et conclusions - La restriction alimentaire a induit des modifications métaboliques, hormonales et une altération des déterminants de la performance ((1) une augmentation des concentrations d'hormones surrénaliennes ainsi qu'une diminution des valeurs des ratios T/C et T3L/T4L, de testostérone et d'insuline, (2) une modification des concentrations de marqueurs du catabolisme lipidique et du catabolisme azoté, (3) une diminution des valeurs de hand grip et une modification des affects mentaux). La compétition de judo a induit des modifications similaires chez les deux groupes de sujets même si les altérations sont plus importantes chez les SR ( diminution de testostérone plus importantes et ratio T/C inférieur). Au cours de la compétition, le premier et le quatrième combats sont des moments clés dans l'altération des paramètres étudiés chez les deux groupes de sujets. En fin de compétition, les concentrations de testostérone et de DHEA-S semblent expliquer à 72% les modifications de performance en endurance force des SR. Cette étude montre que l'association restriction alimentaire/exercice induit une fatigue plus précose au cours de la compétitionCLERMONT FD-BCIU Sci.et Tech. (630142101) / SudocCLERMONT FD-UBP-UFR STAPS (630142215) / SudocSudocFranceF

Does the Dissociated Effect of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors on overall Health Depend on their Occupational or Leisure Setting?

LetterInternational audienc

Rapid weight loss influences the physical, psychological and biological responses during a simulated competition in national judo athletes

International audienceThe effect of rapid energy restriction-induced weight loss on judo-related performance remains unclear, and there is a paucity of information regarding the influence of the fight successions during competition. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the cumulative effect of judo fights on physical performance, biological and psychological profiles, of national judo competitors with vs without rapid weight loss. After one month of weight maintenance (Baseline), 20 subjects were randomly divided into two groups the week before a simulated competition: (i) a Weight Loss group (WL; weight loss ≥ 3% of body mass); (ii) a Weight Stable group (WS). The simulated competition was composed of five fights (F1 to F5) separated by 30 min rest. Anthropometric assessments were performed at baseline and on the morning of the simulated competition (T0). Psychological, biological and physical assessments (maximal handgrip strength, upper limb anaerobic capacity) were performed at T0 and after each fight. The variation of body mass between baseline and T0 was significantly different between groups (+1.2% vs -3%; p < .01). The dimensions of the Profile of Mood State questionnaire, the rate of perceived exertion, ammonia, urea and free fatty acid concentrations, maximal strength and time sustained at maximal strength showed a significant group x time interaction at F4 and F5. The study shows that cumulative fights lead to uncoupled responses in physical, psychological and biological parameters in judo competitors who underwent or not rapid weight loss. Specific recovery strategies in terms of nutrition and active recovery should be considered

Effect of a 5-month worksite physical activity program on tertiary employees overall health and fitness

This pilot study questions the effects of a worksite physical activity program on health and fitness in tertiary employees. Ninety-five employees were randomly assigned to Control (CON); Novice (NOV); Experienced group (EXP). The NOV and EXP groups followed a 5-month worksite physical activity program (at least two sessions/week). Body composition, physical activity level and physical fitness, eating habits, health perception, sleep quality, pain, and quality of life were assessed. Fat mass decreased in NOV and EXP; the distance covered during the 6-minute walking test, push-ups, squat jump increased for NOV and EXP group. Physical activity level, health perception, quality of sleep, and eating habits were improved in NOV. This study underlines for the first time the beneficial effects of such worksite programs among tertiary employees on overall health and the feasibility of its desig

Food restriction, performance, biochemical, psychological, and endocrine changes in judo athletes

In order to test the hypothesis that dietary restriction may have a negative influence on physiological and psychological adaptation to a judo competition, we examined the effects of weight loss induced by restricting energy and fluid intake on the physiology, psychology, and physical performance of judo athletes. Twenty male judoka were randomly assigned to one of two groups (Group A: called diet, n = 10; height 174.8 +/- 1.9 cm, body weight 75.9 +/- 3.1 kg; they were asked to lose approximately 5 % of their body weight through self-determined means during the week before the competition; Group B: called control, n = 10; height 176.4 +/- 1.1 cm, body weight 73.3 +/- 6.3 kg maintained their body weight during the week before the competition). A battery of tests was performed during a baseline period (T1), on the morning of a simulated competition (T2) and 10 min after the end of the competition (T3). The test battery included assessment for body composition, performance tests, evaluation of mood, determination of metabolic and hormonal responses. Dietary data were collected using a 7-day diet record. The nutrient analysis indicated that all the athletes followed a low carbohydrate diet whatever the period of the investigation. For the Group A, the food restriction (- 4 MJ per day) resulted in significant decreases of the body weight and altered the mood by increasing Fatigue, Tension and decreasing Vigour. Dietary restriction had also a significant influence on metabolic and endocrine parameters and was associated with poor performance. After the competition, significant decreases of the levels in testosterone, T/C ratio, alkali reserve, and free fatty acid were observed in both groups, whereas the plasma concentrations in insulin, ammonia, urea, and uric acid were increased. In conclusion, our results suggest that the combination of energy restriction and intense exercise training, which causes weight reduction before a competition, adversely affects the physiology and psychology of judo athletes and impairs physical performance before the competition. Our data are the first to demonstrate that a competition including five 5-min bouts induced the same changes of physiological and psychological variables and performance whatever the dietary intake (dietary restriction or not) during the seven days before the competition